Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory most directly suggests that ____.

A) fraternity "hazing" is an effective way to promote group loyalty
B) most people engage in social loafing
C) twelve-person juries are likely to come up with different verdicts than are juries with four or fewer people
D) most people look to others when deciding how to behave in a group context

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The theory that inconsistencies produce psychological discomfort, leading people to rationalize their behavior or change their attitudes.

Social Loafing

The finding that people reduce effort when working in a group, compared to when working alone.

Fraternity Hazing

The practice of ritual and other non-ritual activities involving harassment, abuse, or humiliation as a way of initiating a person into a group.