K. Warner Schaie's longitudinal research found that one of the intellectual factors that showed improvement through most of the years of middle adulthood and stability from 53 to 60 is ______.

A) emotion
B) memory
C) spatial awareness
D) empathy

Learning Objectives

• Comprehend the elements and evolution of fluid and crystallized intelligence, including their manifestation during middle adulthood.
• Understand the effects of aging on cognitive abilities in both social and personal contexts, and how people adjust to these alterations.