When governments and big corporations routinely attack journalists who depart from official and corporate points of view,they are using what Hermann and Chomsky call:

A) advertising
B) sourcing
C) flak
D) negative advertising
E) negative journalism

Flak

A term often used to describe strong criticism or opposition, typically in a public or media context.

Journalists

Professionals who collect, write, or distribute news and other current information to the public through various media platforms.