Water enters endodermal cells by _____ directly across the lipid and through integral membrane proteins called ____.

A) osmosis; aquaporins
B) countertransport; exchangers
C) osmosis; ATP pumps
D) active transport; ATP pumps
E) carrier-mediated transport; cotransporters

Aquaporins

A family of membrane proteins that facilitate water movement through cell membranes, critical for cellular water balance.

Endodermal Cells

Cells that make up the endoderm, the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development, which gives rise to the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems.

Lipid

A group of naturally occurring molecules including fats, oils, and waxes that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents.