Today, ____ studies conducted at universities must first obtain institutional review board approval.

A) only publicly-funded
B) only privately-funded
C) only federally-funded
D) both funded and unfunded

Institutional Review Board

A committee that reviews and approves research involving humans, ensuring ethical standards are met.

Publicly-Funded

Financially supported by government resources, typically through taxation, for the benefit of the general public.

Privately-Funded

Describes projects, initiatives, or entities that receive their financial support from private sources rather than government funding.