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Anicia Flores
on Nov 13, 2024

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To be satisfied that X does cause Y, which of the following does not need to happen?

A) X must precede Y in time.
B) X and Y must vary together.
C) Y must demonstrably be caused by X and not by something else.
D) Y must precede X in time.

Precede

To come before something else in time, order, or position.

Demonstrably

Capable of being proven or shown through evidence or clear examples.

  • Recognize and address threats to internal and external validity in experimental approaches.
  • Analyze the impact of experimental variables and control groups in determining causality.
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saeed almqbaliNov 15, 2024
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