The provision of specific goods and services (rather than cash) to needy people by way of welfare programs is:

A) the income effect.
B) the wealth effect.
C) in-kind benefits.
D) Rawlsian assistance.

In-kind Benefits

Goods and services provided directly to individuals by governments or organizations instead of cash payments.

Welfare Programs

Governmental initiatives designed to assist the needy in society by providing financial aid, food, housing, and healthcare.

Specific Goods

Specific goods are items that are distinctly identified or unique, often characterized by specific attributes, brands, or quality that differentiate them from general goods.