Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ________ can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

A) H⁺
B) K⁺
C) Na⁺
D) phosphate
E) glucose

Metabolic Pathways

Sequences of enzymatic reactions where one substrate is converted into another, allowing cells to perform vital functions.

Macromolecules

Large molecules necessary for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, with complex structures and vital roles in biological processes.