Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed

A) an internal locus of control.
B) autonomic reactivity.
C) learned helplessness.
D) the false consensus effect.

Learned Helplessness

is a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from persistent failure to succeed or escape from a stressful situation.

Unavoidable Shocks

An inescapable event or occurrence that causes stress or trauma, often used in the context of psychological experiments.