Conversion costs consist of product costs and period costs.

Conversion Costs

The combined total of direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs that are incurred to convert raw materials into finished products.

Period Costs

Expenses that are not directly tied to the production process and are expensed in the accounting period in which they are incurred, such as salaries and utilities.

Product Costs

Expenses directly tied to the production of goods or services, including labor, materials, and overhead costs.