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Exam 22: Species and Speciation

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Question 1

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Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept relies on:

A) physiology.
B) phenotype.
C) behavior.
D) offspring.

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Question 2

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Post-zygotic reproductive isolation may be due to temporal or ecological separation.

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Question 3

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_____ is the process by which two groups of organisms speciate in response to each other and at the same time.

Over a long period of time, you would expect a neutral mutation to _____ frequency within a large population.

A paleontologist is studying a group of fossils from its first appearance in the fossil record to its extinction. She determines that the group descends from a single common ancestor and gave rise to no new species. Its appearance is distinct from any other group of fossils. Based on this information, she decides that it is a new species. In coming to this decision, which species concept or concepts is she using?

Over a long period of time, you would expect a deleterious mutation to _____ frequency within a large population.

Imagine that you had two populations of red-tailed hawksone with long tail feathers, the other with short tail feathers. Mating discrimination in this species could entail either hawks with long tail feathers preferentially mating with other hawks that have long tail feathers, or hawks with short tail feathers preferentially mating with other hawks that have short tail feathers.

Populations that are geographically separated from one another are called:

A little girl notices that she has a male dog and a female cat in her house at the same time. The dog and cat are the same size, and they seem friendly enough. Why don't these two animals ever mate?

If two individuals from different species attempt to mate but fertilization fails to occur, this is likely the result of _____ factors. However, if such a mating produces a zygote that fails to form a viable embryo, this is likely the result of _____ factors.

In general, allopatric species will evolve pre-zygotic isolating mechanisms more rapidly than sympatric species.

When you use a field guide to identify a species by its appearance, you are applying the _____ concept.

If an organism has a single copy of each chromosome, then it is:

Imagine that European explorers sailing across the Pacific left several male and female pairs of pigs on a remote island with the intention of visiting again in future years to harvest fresh meat. This would MOST closely resemble a case of artificially induced allopatric speciation through:

Horses and donkeys can interbreed, but their offspring (mules) are infertile. This is an example of what kind of reproductive isolating mechanism?

In some large groups of plants, including dandelions, oaks, and willows, the biological species concept is complicated because the process of _____ allows gene flow to occur between good _____ that can be easily distinguished based on appearance.

Two species of antelope ground squirrels are separated by the Grand Canyon. They are hypothesized to descend from a common ancestor, populations of which were separated as the canyon formed. If this hypothesis is correct, it would be an example of:

Kingfishers in New Guinea are separated into distinct subspecies. Which two subspecies would you expect to be MOST genetically different from one another?

Some cases of hybridization that lead to instantaneous speciation result in alteration of chromosomal number.

A zookeeper is very upset because one of the lions jumped the fence of his enclosure and mated with a neighboring tigress. This mating produced a "liger." Which of the following statements is likely TRUE of this liger cub?