Exam 11: Major Minerals and Bone Health

A) fluoride treatment
B) hormone replacement therapy
C) increasing vitamin C consumption
D) vitamin A replacement therapy

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A) The organic component is a protein framework and the mineral component is a calcium chloride crystal.
B) The organic matrix is composed of collagen and the mineral component is an hydroxyapatite crystal composed mainly of calcium and phosphorus.
C) The organic component is a hydroxyapatite compound and the mineral component is composed mainly of calcium and phosphorus,as well as small amounts of magnesium,sodium and fluoride.
D) The organic component is made mainly of the protein collagen and the mineral component is mainly calcium and magnesium.

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A) raises: calcitonin;lowers: aldosterone
B) raises: calcitonin;lowers: parathyroid hormone
C) raises: parathyroid hormone;lowers: calcitonin
D) raises: thyroid stimulating hormone;lowers: calcitonin

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Yogurt is an excellent source of phospho...

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Calcium: Yogurt,milk,cheese,sardines,and...

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A) glutathione
B) oxalates
C) phytates
D) tannins

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A) tannins
B) fibre
C) oxalates
D) starch

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D

A) It decreases the amount of added sugar in the diet.
B) It increases the amount of protein in the diet.
C) It reduces calcium,vitamin A,vitamin D,and riboflavin intake.
D) All of the above answer choices are correct.

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A) Processing destroys minerals.
B) The processing of grains causes the loss of magnesium,selenium,and zinc.
C) As the structure of foods is broken down,sodium is lost from processed foods.
D) Potassium is often added during food processing.

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PTH is secreted in response to low blood...

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A) excessive use of calcium containing antacids.
B) high blood calcium.
C) the consumption of sweetened soft drinks.
D) calcification of the kidney leading to kidney failure.

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A) Supplements can be toxic.
B) Supplements of one mineral can compromise the bioavailability of other minerals.
C) Supplements can help individuals meet their dietary needs.
D) Supplements should always be avoided.

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A) mimicking the action of estrogen.
B) inhibiting the action of osteoclasts.
C) encouraging weight gain.
D) providing more energy for exercise.

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a)Helen is probably suffering age-relate...

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A) Women achieve a higher peak bone mass than men.
B) Bone breakdown is accelerated for a few years post-menopause.
C) Women experience higher rates of sacropenia.
D) Family history influences risk more in women than men.

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B

A) in infancy.
B) in young adults.
C) in older adults.
D) in women after menopause.

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A) The accretion of calcium into bone occurs until early adulthood after which bone mass gradually declines.The greater the peak bone mass,the younger the age at which an individual reaches the fracture threshold.
B) The accumulation of calcium into bone occurs until early adulthood after which bone mass does not change.The exception of women,who experience a rapid decline in bone mass for the first five years after menopause.
C) The accumulation of calcium into bone occurs until early adulthood,after which bone mass does not change The lower the peak bone mass,the younger the age at which an individual reaches the fracture threshold.
D) The accretion of calcium into bone occurs until early adulthood after which bone mass gradually declines.The greater the peak bone mass,the older the age at which an individual reaches the fracture threshold.

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D

A) weight-bearing exercise.
B) very low body weight.
C) increased muscle mass.
D) high body weight and % body fat.

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