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Alisha is doing a history report on the 35th president of the United States for her 10th-grade history class. Where is Alisha most likely going to look for information to complete her report?


A) an encyclopedia in the library
B) a book on presidents from the local bookstore
C) the Internet accessed via her home computer
D) newspaper articles archived on library microfilm

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Bottom-up reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning.


A) top-down
B) theoretical
C) concrete
D) inductive

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Thinking intensely about themselves and about what others think about them is called _____.


A) hypotheticalism
B) deductive thinking
C) inductive thinking
D) egocentrism

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During puberty, young people center on themselves, in part because brain maturation heightens _____.


A) self-esteem
B) self-consciousness
C) self-concept
D) self-identity

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Which statement is FALSE?


A) Secondary education refers to schooling completed after high school graduation, such as college or vocational training.
B) No matter where they live, individuals who complete secondary education are healthier.
C) Every nation is increasing the number of students in secondary education.
D) As the age of puberty has decreased, some schools of secondary education now start with grade 5.

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Today, the most notable digital divide is based on _____.


A) age
B) gender
C) socioeconomic status (SES)
D) religion

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In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age _____.


A) 4
B) 7
C) 10
D) 14

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Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence _____.


A) formal operational thought
B) invincibility thinking
C) metacognition
D) concrete operational thinking

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Taylor spends one hour getting ready for school. She insists on only wearing brand-name clothes. Taylor also wears specific sunglasses to demonstrate that she is a member of the popular crowd, and she participates in verbal bullying of students in the loner crowd. Taylor is most likely to be at what level of the education system?


A) preschool
B) elementary school
C) middle school
D) high school

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Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking?


A) concrete operational
B) intuitive thought
C) emotional thought
D) analytical thought

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What is an example of the sunk cost fallacy?


A) walking out of a movie theater when the movie is only half over because the movie is poor quality
B) stopping painting a bedroom because the color is too bright
C) reading a book to the end even though the reader was bored by chapter 3
D) sleeping in on the weekend to catch up on sleep

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Avery, who is 14 years old, is attending her first swim team practice. She is very sensitive to the facial expressions, body language, communication styles, and other social cues given by her new teammates. Avery's sensitivity to these social cues is aided by her adolescent _____.


A) hypothetical thinking
B) deductive thinking
C) inductive thinking
D) egocentrism

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A longitudinal study (Harden & Tucker-Drob, 2011) that traced the development of sensation-seeking, which can lead to intuitive thinking, from early adolescence to the mid-20s found that increases in sensation-seeking were notable from ages _____.


A) 12 to 14
B) 15 to 17
C) 18 to 20
D) 21 to 23

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Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called _____.


A) spamming
B) cyberbullying
C) electronic harassment
D) hacking

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