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Describe two characteristics of Z-DNA that distinguish it from B-DNA.

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5'-AUGGCAC...

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Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial DNA?


A) Most bacterial genomes consist of a single circular DNA molecule.
B) Bacterial DNA is not attached to any proteins that help to compact it.
C) Bacterial DNA is confined to a region in the cell called the nucleoid.
D) Many bacteria contain additional DNA in the form of small circular molecules called plasmids.
E) About 3 to 4 million base pairs of DNA are found in a typical bacterial genome.

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Indicate which of the following statements is TRUE.


A) There are three phosphates between each sugar in a molecule of DNA.
B) A-, B-, and Z-form DNA are all right-handed helixes.
C) There are three hydrogen bonds between AT pairs.
D) Ribose sugars have a hydroxyl on the 2'carbon.
E) All organisms contain DNA that is roughly 25% A, 25% T, 25% G, and 25% C.

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Why does DNA have a purine across from a pyrimidine?


A) This allows the DNA to be able to stack correctly.
B) This allows DNA to be negatively charged.
C) This allows DNA to be the same width from top to bottom.
D) This allows DNA to be a double helix.

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What is the difference in hydrogen bonding between A/T pairs versus G/C pairs?


A) A/T pairs have one more hydrogen bond than G/C pairs.
B) G/C pairs have one more hydrogen bond than A/T pairs.
C) A/T pairs have two more hydrogen bonds than G/C pairs.
D) G/C pairs have two more hydrogen bonds than A/T pairs.
E) G/C pairs have three more hydrogen bonds than A/T pairs.

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A centromere is an example of which type of DNA sequence in eukaryotes?


A) Moderately repetitive DNA
B) Highly repetitive DNA
C) Short interspersed elements
D) Long interspersed elements
E) Unique-sequence DNA

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How did Fred Griffith contribute to our understanding of DNA?


A) Used X-ray diffraction to examine the structure of DNA
B) Determined that DNA contains four different nitrogenous bases
C) Found that "the transforming principle" is destroyed by enzymes that hydrolyze DNA
D) Found that the phosphorus-containing components are the genetic material of phages
E) Discovered "the transforming principle" that could genetically alter bacteria

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How did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase contribute to our understanding of DNA?


A) Used X-ray diffraction to examine the structure of DNA
B) Determined that DNA contains four different nitrogenous bases
C) Found that "the transforming principle" is destroyed by enzymes that hydrolyze DNA
D) Found that the phosphorus-containing components are the genetic material of phages
E) Discovered "the transforming principle" that could genetically alter bacteria

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With respect to their 3' and 5' ends, the two polynucleotide chains of a double-stranded DNA molecule are:


A) antiparallel.
B) isotopes.
C) methylated.
D) complementary.
E) nitrogenous.

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How many complete rotations would MOST likely correspond to a relaxed DNA molecule that is 100 bp in length?


A) 0
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15
E) 100

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You are a research assistant in a lab that studies nucleic acids.Your advisor gave you four tubes for analysis.Each of these tubes differs in its contents by the source of its nucleic acids: mouse cytoplasm (single-stranded RNA) , yeast nuclei (double-stranded DNA) , rotavirus (double-stranded RNA) , and parvovirus (single-stranded DNA) .The approximate nucleotide base composition of each sample is given in the table below. You are a research assistant in a lab that studies nucleic acids.Your advisor gave you four tubes for analysis.Each of these tubes differs in its contents by the source of its nucleic acids: mouse cytoplasm (single-stranded RNA) , yeast nuclei (double-stranded DNA) , rotavirus (double-stranded RNA) , and parvovirus (single-stranded DNA) .The approximate nucleotide base composition of each sample is given in the table below. Which tube MOST likely contains yeast nuclei? A) Tube 1 B) Tube 2 C) Tube 3 D) Tube 4 Which tube MOST likely contains yeast nuclei?


A) Tube 1
B) Tube 2
C) Tube 3
D) Tube 4

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How did Chargaff's rules contribute to Watson and Crick's elucidation of the structure of DNA?

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The rules suggested ...

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Telomeres exist to help with the _____ of the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.


A) transcription
B) replication
C) metabolism
D) destabilization
E) translation

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Which of the following amino acids has a positive charge that helps to hold the DNA in contact with the histones?


A) Alanine
B) Arginine
C) Leucine
D) Valine
E) Serine

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Describe the secondary structure that DNA might form in an ancient, dehydrated tissue sample.

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In a dehydrated sample, DNA likely would...

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Considering what you know about the anti-parallel nature of DNA, which of the following structures is possible? Considering what you know about the anti-parallel nature of DNA, which of the following structures is possible? A) The left B) The right C) Both are possible. D) Neither is possible.


A) The left
B) The right
C) Both are possible.
D) Neither is possible.

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Where would you expect to find the variant histone CenH3?


A) Telomere
B) Euchromatin
C) Centromere
D) Mitochondria
E) Chloroplast

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How did Albert Kossel contribute to our understanding of DNA?


A) Used X-ray diffraction to examine the structure of DNA
B) Determined that DNA contains four different nitrogenous bases
C) Found that "the transforming principle" is destroyed by enzymes that hydrolyze DNA
D) Found that the phosphorus-containing components are the genetic material of phages
E) Discovered "the transforming principle" that could genetically alter bacteria

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Hershey and Chase determined whether DNA or protein was the genetic material in bacteriophages.What isotope did they use to label the viral DNA?


A) 14C
B) 15N
C) 18O
D) 32P
E) 35S

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While doing field work you discover two new closely related species of oysters.You measure the DNA content per cell of each species and find that the second species has significantly more DNA than the first species.DNA hybridization analysis of both species yields the following results.Based on the graphs shown, suggest an explanation for the difference in C-value between the species. While doing field work you discover two new closely related species of oysters.You measure the DNA content per cell of each species and find that the second species has significantly more DNA than the first species.DNA hybridization analysis of both species yields the following results.Based on the graphs shown, suggest an explanation for the difference in C-value between the species.

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Both species appear to have the same amo...

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