Exam 5: Earthquakes and Related Hazards

A) Tsunamis are associated with transform fault boundaries.
B) Tsunamis are generated when energy is suddenly transferred to a body of water.
C) The majority of tsunamis form during subduction zone earthquakes.
D) Tsunamis form when the seafloor suddenly moves and displaces seawater.
E) Tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean along the Ring of Fire.

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A) Move in a compressional manner and are the fastest type of seismic wave.
B) Move in a compressional manner and are the slowest type of seismic waves.
C) Move in a shearing manner and are the slowest type of seismic wave.
D) Move in a shearing manner and are the fastest type of seismic wave.
E) Move in a penetrating manner along the surface of the Earth.

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A) all of the answers listed here
B) liquefaction
C) landslides and open fissures
D) tsunamis
E) fires

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A) All of the answers listed here.
B) Building construction design.
C) Natural vibration frequency and resonance.
D) Amount of ground shaking.
E) Number of secondary hazards.

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A

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A) Were relatively large and occurred in the interior of a tectonic plate.
B) Resulted in a very large number of human deaths.
C) Were the only earthquakes to occur in the U.S. during those years.
D) Occurred prior to the development of modern seismographs.
E) Were the first earthquakes in the U.S. since Europeans came to the continent.

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A) It's the point on the surface closest to where the strain energy was released.
B) It represents the point where strain energy was initially released.
C) It's the point where seismic waves have the least amount of energy.
D) It's the weakest point in a rock body, hence undergoes the greatest amount of damage.
E) It's the point where seismic waves have the slowest velocity.

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A) Change in ground materials that causes seismic waves to slow down and have more energy.
B) Situation on a seismograph where the P-waves overtake the S-waves.
C) Situation on a seismograph where the S-waves overtake the P-waves.
D) Dangerous situation that occurs when seismic waves encounter electrical transmission lines.
E) Dangerous situation that occurs when seismic waves encounter ocean waves.

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A) Making buildings more resistant to lateral ground forces during an earthquake.
B) Rerouting traffic along major highways prior to an earthquake.
C) Enabling nuclear power plants to continue operating during an earthquake.
D) Building large breakwaters across inlets to prevent tsunamis from reaching the shoreline.
E) Developing ways of preventing earthquakes.

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A) All of the answers listed here.
B) They represent the sudden release of energy that has accumulated within rocks.
C) They form when brittle rocks exceed their elastic limit.
D) They represent the vibrations that occur as seismic waves travel through rocks.
E) They result in rocks being offset or displaced along faults.

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A

A) transform boundary
B) convergent boundary
C) divergent boundary
D) subduction zone
E) volcanic arc

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A) Is a qualitative measure of earthquake intensity.
B) Is a quantitative measure of earthquake intensity.
C) Measures the amplitude of the strongest surface wave.
D) Measures the amplitude of the strongest P-wave.
E) Measures the amplitude of the strongest S-wave.

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A) All of the answers listed here.
B) Subduction zone earthquakes are associated with compressional stress.
C) Subduction zones are capable of generating extremely powerful earthquakes.
D) The Cascadia fault is part of a subduction zone located in the northwestern United States.
E) Subduction zone earthquakes are associated with convergent plate boundaries.

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A) focus
B) epicenter
C) fault
D) breaking point
E) endpoint

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A) A section of an active fault that has not experienced an earthquake for an extended period of time
B) A large crack in the ground that opens in response to earthquake activity.
C) The time interval between when an earthquake originates and when it's felt at distant locations.
D) The time interval between when an earthquake originates and when its aftershocks begin.
E) A portion of a seismograph record where data is missing due to seismic waves being blocked by a mountain range.

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A) Measures the amount of ground motion and energy released.
B) Measures the amount of damage at the epicenter.
C) Measures the duration of an earthquake.
D) Measures the amount of elasticity in seismic waves.
E) All of the answers listed here.

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A) Velocity of different seismic waves.
B) Amount of strain energy released during an earthquake.
C) Focal depth of the earthquake.
D) Type of material seismic waves travel through.
E) Distance to the epicenter.

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