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Which of the following was able to predict voters' support for Presidential candidate Barack Obama in 2008?


A) implicit prejudice
B) explicit prejudice
C) both implicit and explicit prejudice
D) neither implicit nor explicit prejudice

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George is a store owner who charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise.George is most clearly engaging in


A) unconscious patronization.
B) stereotyping.
C) scapegoating.
D) discrimination.

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Mr.Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline.He continued walking along the beach,however,because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed.His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in


A) social exchange theory.
B) the reciprocity norm.
C) the bystander effect.
D) the mere exposure effect.

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Laurie,who is extremely attractive,works as a receptionist in a dentist office.How is Laurie likely to take the compliments she receives from the male dentists in her office?


A) She is likely to think that the compliments are sincere.
B) She is likely to think that she deserves more compliments.
C) She is not likely to think that the compliments are sincere.
D) She is likely to work harder for more compliments.

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The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when


A) false stereotypes influence perceptions of others.
B) an attempt to achieve some goal is blocked.
C) there are striking differences of opinion among group members.
D) self-awareness and self-restraint are reduced.

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The expectation that people should return help,not harm,to those who have helped them is called the


A) bystander effect.
B) equity norm.
C) social-responsibility norm.
D) reciprocity norm.

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When shopping for a new cell phone,many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have familiar brand names.This preference best illustrates the importance of


A) social traps.
B) the mere exposure effect.
C) mirror-image perceptions.
D) the reciprocity norm.

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Nate is looking to purchase a new car.He was set to buy a Ford Escape,but after reading Consumer Reports,along with several positive customer reviews,he was convinced to buy a Subaru Forester,which was rated higher for fuel economy and safety.Nate's decision best illustrates the impact of


A) groupthink.
B) informational social influence.
C) social facilitation.
D) normative social influence.

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Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to


A) central route persuasion.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) attributions.

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The transmission of shared knowledge and customs across generations is an indication of


A) collectivism.
B) informational social influence.
C) culture.
D) individualism.

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In the last half-century,expressed support for diversity has ________ and agreement that many different races,ethnic groups,and nationalities make America a better place to live has ________.


A) increased;decreased
B) decreased;decreased
C) increased;increased
D) decreased;increased

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Social loafing is a phenomenon in which


A) people tend to expend less effort on collective tasks than when performing the same task alone.
B) individuals work harder when they are in groups than when they are alone.
C) the presence of other people enhances individual performance.
D) there is a reduction of self-awareness and inhibitions when a person is part of a group whose members feel anonymous.

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The power of the situation represents


A) minority influence.
B) social control.
C) role expectations.
D) personal control.

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To help us understand the world we


A) form categories.
B) develop prejudice.
C) generalize from stereotypes.
D) create bias.

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Mark obeyed the commands of his military unit officer to engage in destructive behavior that was sharply inconsistent with Mark's ethical values.The discomfort associated with Mark's awareness of the inconsistency between his values and his actions best illustrates


A) social facilitation.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.

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Emma is a college freshman in the United States.She is very unhappy with her last psychology exam score.Which of the following attributions is she most likely to use?


A) "I am just not working hard enough."
B) "I am not a responsible student."
C) "The exam was unfair because the questions were tricky."
D) "I spend too much time on Facebook and Instagram."

Correct Answer

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Explicit associations are typically ________,whereas implicit associations are often ________.


A) persistent;temporary
B) negative;positive
C) conscious;unconscious
D) objective;subjective

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Social psychology can be defined as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.


A) understand,feel about,and behave toward
B) think about,influence,and relate to
C) observe,understand,and communicate with
D) understand,predict,and control

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Group polarization refers to


A) the lack of critical thinking that results from a strong desire for harmony within a group.
B) a split within a group produced by striking differences of opinion among group members.
C) the tendency of individuals to exert more effort when working as part of a group.
D) the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through group discussion.

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In Major League Baseball games,the probability of batters being hit by a pitched ball increases with


A) the batter's age.
B) larger crowd sizes.
C) higher air temperatures.
D) the salary levels of the pitchers.

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