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Trait theories expanded on


A) psychoanalytic theories.
B) humanistic theories.
C) both psychoanalytic and humanistic theories.
D) neither psychoanalytic nor humanistic theories.

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Armand's parents won't let him go to a friend's party because of the lack of parental supervision.Armand decides to sneak out of the house to attend the party.After climbing out of his bedroom window he feels extremely guilty and returns to his room.According to Freud,the feelings of guilt come from his


A) id.
B) ego.
C) preconscious mind.
D) superego.

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Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test.


A) epigenetic
B) self-esteem
C) regression
D) projective

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Julie reported dreaming that she was chased by a large dog.According to Freud,Julie's account represents the ________ content of her dream.


A) latent
B) repressed
C) manifest
D) psychosexual

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Carl Jung proposed the importance of


A) identification.
B) erogenous zones.
C) a collective unconscious.
D) the inferiority complex.

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According to Freud,the need to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive desires comes from the ________,which operates on the ________.


A) ego;pleasure principle
B) superego;Oedipus complex
C) id;pleasure principle
D) ego;reality principle

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Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion.This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.


A) psychodynamic
B) social-cognitive
C) trait
D) humanistic

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Siena is anxious,insecure,and feels sorry for herself.She has a very difficult time handling any sort of stress and is highly emotional.Which of the Big Five factors does she illustrate?


A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) extraversion
D) neuroticism

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The psychodynamic perspective highlights all of the following EXCEPT


A) a dynamic interaction between conscious and unconscious mental processes.
B) the interaction between the environment and cognitive processes.
C) unconscious motives and conflicts in personality development.
D) the unconscious functioning of defense mechanisms.

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Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development?


A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Jung
C) Carl Rogers
D) Karen Horney

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The defense mechanism in which self-justifying explanations replace the real,unconscious reasons for actions is


A) projection.
B) denial.
C) rationalization.
D) displacement.

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Which perspective emphasized that we learn many of our behaviors either through conditioning or by observing and imitating others?


A) social-cognitive perspective
B) humanistic perspective
C) psychoanalytic perspective
D) psychodynamic perspective

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When Mr.Thompson lived overseas for a year,he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was an older person.His sense of surprise suggests that he had NOT previously lived in a culture characterized by


A) introversion.
B) collectivism.
C) extraversion.
D) individualism.

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Mrs.Smith,who is White and unconsciously in favor of racial segregation,tells her friends that most Blacks prefer to live in residential neighborhoods inhabited predominantly by Blacks.According to psychoanalytic theory,Mrs.Smith best illustrates


A) reaction formation.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) regression.

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Personality inventories are designed to assess several ________ at once.


A) personalities
B) types of cultures
C) motives
D) traits

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According to Freud,the conscious memory of dream content is the


A) manifest content.
B) latent content.
C) unconscious content.
D) Oedipal content.

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Based on current psychological research,which of the following is NOT a contradiction of Freud's ideas?


A) Development is a lifelong process,not something that ends during childhood.
B) Gender identity forms as children resolve the Oedipus complex.
C) Parental influence is overestimated in the developmental process.
D) False memories can be created by how questions regarding childhood sexual abuse are worded.

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In Freud's view,conflicts unresolved during earlier psychosexual stages could surface as maladaptive behavior in the adult years.When this occurs,according to Freud,the person is ________ at a psychosexual stage.


A) projecting
B) identifying
C) fixated
D) free-associating

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Sergio has a quiet demeanor and avoids a lot of social contact.These characteristics describe Sergio's


A) fixation.
B) personality.
C) superego.
D) collective unconscious.

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Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the


A) psychodynamic perspective.
B) person-situation controversy.
C) hierarchy of needs.
D) biopsychosocial approach.

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