Question 1

When people compare their personal qualities with those of the average person,they are most likely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)   low self-esteem.
B)   poor self-image.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   high self-esteem.

Question 2

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Accepted Answer

A)   predicting;analyzing
B)   describing;explaining
C)   changing;analyzing
D)   interpreting;observing

Question 3

One reason that Western cultures prize extraversion over introversion is that

Accepted Answer

A)   extraverts tend to earn more money.
B)   extraverts seek low levels of stimulation.
C)   the extraverts do not fear being evaluated negatively.
D)   attractive,successful people are presumed to be extraverts.

Question 4

Taylor,the coach of a university's women's soccer team,convincingly extols the superior strength of upcoming opponents,which makes her team's victories appear ________ praiseworthy and her team's losses appear ________ understandable.

Accepted Answer

A)   less;less
B)   more;more
C)   less;more
D)   more;less

Question 5

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation of repressed sexual desires.
B)   projection of repressed fears.
C)   recovery of repressed wishes.
D)   displacement of repressed hostilities.

Question 6

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

Accepted Answer

A)   human needs.
B)   self-concepts.
C)   personality traits.
D)   situational factors.

Question 7

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile.In fact,Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school.According to psychoanalytic theory,Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   projection.
C)   denial.
D)   reaction formation.

Question 8

Professor Yon-lu tells his class that he believes that psychologists should ask people to report their own experiences and feelings instead of conducting objective laboratory experiments.Professor Yon-lu is a

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviorist.
B)   psychodynamic psychologist.
C)   trait theorist.
D)   humanistic psychologist.

Question 9

Freud believed that the basis of human personality was some form of ________ that needed to be resolved.

Accepted Answer

A)   conflict
B)   impulse
C)   restraint
D)   tendency

Question 10

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that some patients' symptoms

Accepted Answer

A)   resulted from the physical abuse they had received from their parents during childhood.
B)   reflected a loss of individuality.
C)   illustrated a collective unconscious.
D)   made no neurological sense.

Question 11

According to Freud,what psychologists now call our gender identity develops most rapidly during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   anal
B)   phallic
C)   genital
D)   oral

Question 12

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies,she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have.A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

Accepted Answer

A)   weak id.
B)   weak ego.
C)   strong id.
D)   strong superego.

Question 13

To identify a relatively small number of the most basic personality traits,trait theorists have used

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   heritability.
C)   the MMPI.
D)   factor analysis.

Question 14

The humanistic perspective emphasized the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   the collective unconscious.
B)   self-determination.
C)   schemas.
D)   behaviorism.

Question 15

After failing his chemistry exam,Charles believes he does not have the intelligence to succeed in school and ultimately in life.Charles' low opinion of himself is representative of his low

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem.
B)   self-efficacy.
C)   defensive self-esteem.
D)   self-disclosure.

Question 16

Both Karen Horney and Alfred Adler placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.

Accepted Answer

A)   defense mechanisms
B)   social interactions
C)   the collective unconscious
D)   genetic predispositions

Question 17

People are more critical of their ________ selves than of their ________ selves.

Accepted Answer

A)   past;current
B)   current;past
C)   possible;impossible
D)   impossible;possible

Question 18

Omar,who is extraverted,hates being alone,enjoys loud music,and dislikes reading quietly.According to trait theorists,this cluster of behaviors is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   human need.
B)   self-concept.
C)   factor.
D)   dimension.

Question 19

To say that a test was empirically derived means that it

Accepted Answer

A)   was developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.
B)   contains longer questions,covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors.
C)   is used to assess selected personality traits.
D)   identifies clusters of test items that tap basic trait components.

Question 20

Exaggerated feelings of self-importance are most closely linked with

Accepted Answer

A)   narcissism.
B)   extraversion.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   self-efficacy.

Exam 13: Personality

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud believed that the basis of human personality was some form of ________ that needed to be resolved.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taylor,the coach of a university's women's soccer team,convincingly extols the superior strength of upcoming opponents,which makes her team's victories appear ________ praiseworthy and her team's losses appear ________ understandable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that some patients' symptoms

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people compare their personal qualities with those of the average person,they are most likely to experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Karen Horney and Alfred Adler placed greater emphasis than did Freud on the role of ________ in personality development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies,she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have.A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Omar,who is extraverted,hates being alone,enjoys loud music,and dislikes reading quietly.According to trait theorists,this cluster of behaviors is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud,what psychologists now call our gender identity develops most rapidly during the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exaggerated feelings of self-importance are most closely linked with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To identify a relatively small number of the most basic personality traits,trait theorists have used

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasized the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After failing his chemistry exam,Charles believes he does not have the intelligence to succeed in school and ultimately in life.Charles' low opinion of himself is representative of his low

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To say that a test was empirically derived means that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are more critical of their ________ selves than of their ________ selves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile.In fact,Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school.According to psychoanalytic theory,Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Yon-lu tells his class that he believes that psychologists should ask people to report their own experiences and feelings instead of conducting objective laboratory experiments.Professor Yon-lu is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One reason that Western cultures prize extraversion over introversion is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Taylor,the coach of a university's women's soccer team,convincingly extols the superior strength of upcoming opponents,which makes her team's victories appear praiseworthy and her team's losses appear understandable.

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Trait theorists are more concerned with personality than with it.

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People are more critical of their selves than of their selves.

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