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The process of getting information out of memory is called


A) encoding.
B) relearning.
C) retrieval.
D) rehearsal.

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The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen,but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address.To his surprise,however,he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code.His experience best illustrates ________ memory.


A) iconic
B) implicit
C) echoic
D) procedural

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As Jason walks in the park he hears the birds chirping and feels the wind blowing on his skin.Both of these are examples of information entering his


A) sensory memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) working memory.
D) long-term memory.

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Which of the following is NOT associated with the amount of information remembered?


A) the amount of time spent learning the material
B) forgoing the use of chunking
C) making the material personally meaningful
D) processing the material semantically

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Explicit memory is also known as


A) procedural memory.
B) working memory.
C) declarative memory.
D) iconic memory.

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In one study,children were periodically asked whether they remembered going to the hospital with a mousetrap on their finger.This experiment best illustrated the dynamics of


A) memory construction.
B) positive transfer.
C) sensory memory.
D) repression.

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When viewing 2500 slides of faces and places for 10 seconds,participants were able to recognize ________ percent of the slides.


A) 25
B) 46
C) 75
D) 90

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We are unable to consciously attend to most of the sights and sounds that are continually bombarding us.This fact most clearly contributes to


A) storage decay.
B) retroactive interference.
C) encoding failure.
D) repression.

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To help think about the processes involved in memory,some memory researchers have developed


A) acronyms.
B) information-processing models.
C) parallel processing.
D) massed practice.

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Moe is taking a statistics class but feels as though he is bad at math.He really wants to do well in the course.What advice should you give him?


A) "Make sure you cram prior to any exam."
B) "Take some time out each day before class to engage in massed practice."
C) "It is best to use distributed practice to learn the material."
D) "Try to use hierarchical organization to learn the material."

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Repression most clearly involves a failure in


A) encoding.
B) retrieval.
C) storage.
D) implicit memory.

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A mnemonic is a


A) sensory memory.
B) test or measure of memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) memory aid.

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We have trouble processing information if it is


A) meaningful.
B) related to our experience.
C) both meaningful and related to our experience.
D) neither meaningful nor related to our experience.

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Whenever he feels jealous,David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men.David's experience best illustrates


A) procedural memory.
B) long-term potentiation.
C) mood-congruent memory.
D) memory consolidation.

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Explicit memory is to ________ as implicit memory is to ________.


A) automatic processing;effortful processing
B) sensory memory;working memory
C) hippocampus;cerebellum
D) basal ganglia;frontal lobes

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We typically encode explicit memories by means of


A) classical conditioning.
B) effortful processing.
C) sequential processing.
D) automatic processing.

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Which of the following is the best way to minimize retroactive interference of course material that will be covered on an upcoming exam?


A) studying before going to sleep
B) rehearsing information immediately before the exam
C) cramming for the exam the night before
D) using mnemonics while studying the course material

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After Maya told her friend the five-digit password to a protected website,her friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box.In this instance,the password was clearly stored in her friend's ________ memory.


A) procedural
B) short-term
C) iconic
D) implicit

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Mood-congruent memory best illustrates that the emotions we experienced while learning something become


A) implicit memories.
B) retrieval cues.
C) procedural memories.
D) flashbulb memories.

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Effortful processing is encoding that requires


A) implicit memory.
B) conscious attention.
C) visual imagery.
D) echoic memory.

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