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The heritability of bipolar disorder has been estimated to be ________ than the heritability of major depressive disorder and ________ than the heritability of generalized anxiety disorder.


A) less; greater
B) greater; less
C) less; less
D) greater; greater

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A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist's suggestion most clearly highlights the influence of.


A) genetic predispositions.
B) explanatory style.
C) dissociation.
D) reinforcement.

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One of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is


A) an expressionless face.
B) loud and meaningless talking.
C) inappropriate laughter.
D) uncontrollable outbursts of rage.

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Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by


A) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
C) a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state of emotion.
D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.

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Mania is most likely to be experienced by those suffering


A) a panic attack.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a dissociative disorder.

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Gaining relief from negative thoughts through the distraction of pain is one of the motives for


A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
C) posttraumatic stress disorder.
D) nonsuicidal self-injury.

Correct Answer

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One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.


A) avoidant
B) narcissistic
C) schizoid
D) histrionic

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Evidence suggests that ________ contribute(s) to schizophrenia.


A) depressed serotonin levels
B) a pessimistic explanatory style
C) conscious role playing
D) prenatal viral infections

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Which perspective suggests that explaining our own failures in terms that are global, stable, and internal contributes to depression?


A) psychoanalytic
B) biological
C) humanistic
D) social-cognitive

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The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.


A) genetic influences
B) viral infections
C) oxygen deprivation
D) learned helplessness

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Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of


A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Correct Answer

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Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from


A) a dissociative disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) a mood disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Correct Answer

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Rats that received unpredictable electric shocks in a laboratory experiment subsequently became apprehensive when returned to that same laboratory setting. This best illustrates that anxiety disorders may result from


A) stimulus generalization.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcement.
D) classical conditioning.

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Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of


A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) mania.
D) panic disorder.

Correct Answer

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Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.


A) dissociative identity disorder
B) anorexia nervosa
C) schizophrenia
D) susto

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Which of the following is NOT true of mood disorders, according to the biological perspective?


A) Activity in the left frontal lobe is increased during a depressed state.
B) Norepinephrine is scarce during depression.
C) Brain reward centers are less active during a depressed state.
D) The hippocampus, which is linked with the brain's emotion circuitry, is vulnerable to stress-related damage.

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Most combat-stressed soldiers do not later exhibit PTSD. This best illustrates survivor


A) mania.
B) catatonia.
C) dissociation.
D) resiliency.

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APA's diagnostic manual is used for several purposes, including


A) descriptions of disorders.
B) estimates of how often a disorder occurs.
C) determining who is eligible for treatment.
D) all of these purposes.

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In general, women are more vulnerable than men to


A) external disorders such as anxiety.
B) internal disorders such as depression.
C) external disorders such as antisocial conduct.
D) internal disorders such as alcohol use disorder.

Correct Answer

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The social withdrawal and haunting nightmares of battle-scarred war veterans best illustrates symptoms of


A) DID.
B) ADHD.
C) OCD.
D) PTSD .

Correct Answer

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