Question 1

When examining recombination rates across a chromosome, a researcher detects an area of high recombination rates. What could he or she infer based on this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   This region is likely the centromere.
B)   This region is likely a telomere.
C)   This region is likely a recombination hotspot.
D)   This region is within a protein-coding gene.

Question 2

Which of the following tends to contribute to an overall increase in genome size over evolutionary time?

Accepted Answer

A)   small genetic elements capable of self-catalyzing their movement
B)   selection on cell size
C)   selection on replication speed
D)   the cell's energetic efficiency as it relates to cell volume

Question 3

A researcher collects a soil sample and sequences the entire genomes of two prokaryotes found in the sample. In these genomes, he finds identical prophage DNA located in different areas of the two genomes. Based on the similarity of the sequences of the prophages and their placement in the prokaryotes' genomes, what could he conclude about the relatedness of the two prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prophages are viral genomes incorporated...

Question 4

For which of the following would a syntenic dot plot NOT be useful?

Accepted Answer

A)   when comparing gene orders among prokaryotes
B)   when identifying chromosomal inversions
C)   when examining genomic evolution in bacteria
D)   when only fragments of DNA are available for sequencing

Question 5

Which of the following makes up the smallest fraction of the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A)   protein-coding genes
B)   LINE elements
C)   SINE elements
D)   introns

Question 6

What are transcription factors and how do they address the G-value paradox?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors are proteins that ...

Question 7

Most prokaryotic genomes are structured as ________ chromosome(s) .

Accepted Answer

A)   one single circular
B)   many circular
C)   one single linear
D)   many linear

Question 8

What is the source of DNA acquired by a bacterial cell during conjugation?

Accepted Answer

A)   the environment
B)   bacteriophage and other viral pathogens
C)   other bacteria
D)   the eukaryotic host cell

Question 9

Certain single-celled amoeba have a genome that is 1,000 times the size of the genome of a complex multicellular puffer fish. This is an example of what phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   the C-value paradox
B)   the G-value paradox
C)   GC skew
D)   codon usage bias

Question 10

When comparing recombination rates between a dog, with a genome size of 2,410 Mb, and a mustard weed, with a genome size of 100 Mb, which would you expect to have a larger recombination rate per kilobase? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Recombination rate per kb is negatively correlated with genome size. Thus, one would expect the mustard weed to have a larger per-kilobase recombination rate than the dog, because its genome is smaller.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding viral genomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Viral genomes tend to be extremely compact and compressed.
B)   DNA-based viruses have genomes comparable in size to most prokaryotes.
C)   Because viruses replicate many times within a host cell, their capsules must be very small, which constrains the amount of genetic material that can be contained inside.
D)   Most viruses undergo strong natural selection for rapid replication. B

Question 12

Viral genomes exhibit extreme compression in size, and this is possible because multiple genes may be packed in the same region of the genome. Which of the following is NOT a way in which this can occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Multiple genes can be packed in the same reading frame but only partially overlapping.
B)   Multiple genes can be located in the same region but with different reading frames.
C)   Proteins can be produced by reading in the same reading frame but with genes starting in different places using different start codons.
D)   Certain genes are located on multiple chromosomes.

Question 13

A researcher discovers a new prokaryote whose genome is ~8 Mb in size. Based on the figure shown, what type of organism is this likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)   free-living bacterium
B)   obligate parasitic bacterium
C)   obligate symbiontic bacterium
D)   Archaean

Question 14

Why are transposons considered selfish genetic elements?

Accepted Answer

Transposons usually do not per...

Question 15

The exon theory of genes states that

Accepted Answer

A)   genomes consist solely of exons.
B)   introns are deleterious and are purged from the genome.
C)   introns lead to recombination errors.
D)   many current genes arose through the rearrangement of exons into new combinations.

Question 16

Describe the characteristics of a haplotype block.

Accepted Answer

A haplotype block is a region ...

Question 17

What was the first eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced?

Accepted Answer

A)   the bacteriophage MS2
B)   the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae
C)   the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D)   the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 18

GC content refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   G-value paradox.
B)   C-value paradox.
C)   fraction of G and C nucleotides in the genome.
D)   number of genes on a chromosome.

Question 19

Transposons can be deleterious to a host genome because they can

Accepted Answer

A)   translate a coding sequence into protein.
B)   act as regulatory elements.
C)   prevent beneficial mutations.
D)   cause recombination errors. D

Question 20

What general patterns of recombination have been observed in eukaryotic genomes?

Accepted Answer

By mapping recombination rates across th...

Exam 10: Genome Evolution

When examining recombination rates across a chromosome, a researcher detects an area of high recombination rates. What could he or she infer based on this observation?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following tends to contribute to an overall increase in genome size over evolutionary time?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Prophages are viral genomes incorporated...
View Answer

For which of the following would a syntenic dot plot NOT be useful?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following makes up the smallest fraction of the human genome?

Correct Answer
verified

What are transcription factors and how do they address the G-value paradox?

Correct Answer
verified
Transcription factors are proteins that ...
View Answer

Most prokaryotic genomes are structured as ________ chromosome(s) .

Correct Answer
verified

What is the source of DNA acquired by a bacterial cell during conjugation?

Correct Answer
verified

Certain single-celled amoeba have a genome that is 1,000 times the size of the genome of a complex multicellular puffer fish. This is an example of what phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

When comparing recombination rates between a dog, with a genome size of 2,410 Mb, and a mustard weed, with a genome size of 100 Mb, which would you expect to have a larger recombination rate per kilobase? Explain your answer.

Correct Answer
verified
Recombination rate per kb is negatively correlated with genome size. Thus, one would expect the mustard weed to have a larger per-kilobase recombination rate than the dog, because its genome is smaller.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding viral genomes?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Viral genomes exhibit extreme compression in size, and this is possible because multiple genes may be packed in the same region of the genome. Which of the following is NOT a way in which this can occur?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher discovers a new prokaryote whose genome is ~8 Mb in size. Based on the figure shown, what type of organism is this likely to be?

Correct Answer
verified

Why are transposons considered selfish genetic elements?

Correct Answer
verified
Transposons usually do not per...
View Answer

The exon theory of genes states that

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the characteristics of a haplotype block.

Correct Answer
verified
A haplotype block is a region ...
View Answer

What was the first eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced?

Correct Answer
verified

GC content refers to the

Correct Answer
verified

Transposons can be deleterious to a host genome because they can

Correct Answer
verified
D

What general patterns of recombination have been observed in eukaryotic genomes?

Correct Answer
verified
By mapping recombination rates across th...
View Answer

Exam 10: Genome Evolution

When examining recombination rates across a chromosome, a researcher detects an area of high recombination rates. What could he or she infer based on this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following tends to contribute to an overall increase in genome size over evolutionary time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedProphages are viral genomes incorporated...View AnswerShow Answer

For which of the following would a syntenic dot plot NOT be useful?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following makes up the smallest fraction of the human genome?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are transcription factors and how do they address the G-value paradox?

Correct AnswerverifiedTranscription factors are proteins that ...View AnswerShow Answer

Most prokaryotic genomes are structured as ________ chromosome(s) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the source of DNA acquired by a bacterial cell during conjugation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain single-celled amoeba have a genome that is 1,000 times the size of the genome of a complex multicellular puffer fish. This is an example of what phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing recombination rates between a dog, with a genome size of 2,410 Mb, and a mustard weed, with a genome size of 100 Mb, which would you expect to have a larger recombination rate per kilobase? Explain your answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedRecombination rate per kb is negatively correlated with genome size. Thus, one would expect the mustard weed to have a larger per-kilobase recombination rate than the dog, because its genome is smaller.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding viral genomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Viral genomes exhibit extreme compression in size, and this is possible because multiple genes may be packed in the same region of the genome. Which of the following is NOT a way in which this can occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher discovers a new prokaryote whose genome is ~8 Mb in size. Based on the figure shown, what type of organism is this likely to be?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are transposons considered selfish genetic elements?

Correct AnswerverifiedTransposons usually do not per...View AnswerShow Answer

The exon theory of genes states that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the characteristics of a haplotype block.

Correct AnswerverifiedA haplotype block is a region ...View AnswerShow Answer

What was the first eukaryotic organism to have its entire genome sequenced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

GC content refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transposons can be deleterious to a host genome because they can

Correct AnswerverifiedD

What general patterns of recombination have been observed in eukaryotic genomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedBy mapping recombination rates across th...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Prophages are viral genomes incorporated...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Transcription factors are proteins that ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Recombination rate per kb is negatively correlated with genome size. Thus, one would expect the mustard weed to have a larger per-kilobase recombination rate than the dog, because its genome is smaller.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Transposons usually do not per...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A haplotype block is a region ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified
By mapping recombination rates across th...
View Answer