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The African green woodhoopoes tend to show philopatry because of limited availability of quality breeding territories.

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Nonrandom mating, which suggests the potential for mate selection and sexual selection, is possible only for vertebrates.

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Research on eusociality suggests that the evolutionary driving force(s) to preserve this form of sociality is/are?


A) kin selection
B) inclusive fitness
C) environmental adaptation
D) both kin selection and inclusive fitness
E) kin selection, inclusive fitness, and environmental adaptation

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Sociality is generally not accompanied by


A) cooperative feeding.
B) defense of the social group.
C) unlimited reproductive opportunities.
D) restricted reproductive opportunities.
E) related individuals living together.

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In many species, the females can reproduce by the process of parthenogenesis. Why do males persist in those species?


A) defense
B) to increase the number of offspring produced
C) to assist in rearing of the offspring
D) to decrease the chance of infertility
E) to ensure genetic diversity

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In comparing the leafcutter ant's (Atta sexdens) society and the naked mole rat's (Heterocephalus glaber) society, there are several similarities in their cooperative living situation. What is the exception?


A) development of castes
B) one female 'queen' breeder per colony
C) all workers are non-breeding females
D) partitioned subterranean living quarters
E) None of the choices are correct.

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If a male scorpionfly (Panorpa latipennis) does not have a dead arthropod to present a potential mate as a nuptial offering, he can often substitute a _______________________.

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Intersexual competition generally involves dominance or contest competition, whereas intrasexual selection involves mate selection through secondary sexual competition.

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There is a _________________ correlation with the amount of rainfall and the reproductive success of the African green woodhoopoes.

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____________ produce larger, more energetically costly gametes, while ____________ produce smaller, less costly gametes.


A) Females, males
B) Metamales, females
C) Males, females
D) Males, metafemales
E) Metamales, metafemales

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