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Which group is incorrect?


A) cations:sodium,potassium,calcium
B) acid-base imbalances:acidosis and alkalosis
C) lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys
D) transcellular fluids:aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?


A) oxygenation of blood
B) excretion of carbon dioxide
C) secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na⁺
D) regulation of blood pH

Correct Answer

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Which ion determines pH?


A) sodium
B) hydrogen
C) bicarbonate
D) potassium

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is a buffer pair?


A) PTH,aldosterone
B) ADH,ANF
C) HCO-3,H2CO3
D) sodium,potassium

Correct Answer

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This ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle.


A) sodium
B) calcium
C) hydrogen
D) potassium

Correct Answer

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Water and chloride usually follow the movement of this cation.


A) bicarbonate
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) albumin

Correct Answer

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This is the chief extracellular cation.


A) chloride
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) potassium

Correct Answer

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Which group is incorrect?


A) ions:sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate,chloride
B) lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys
C) extracellular fluid:intravascular,interstitial,transcellular
D) substances that are normally found in a sample of urine:urea,creatinine,glucose

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?


A) dehydration
B) edema
C) hypovolemia
D) polyuria

Correct Answer

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Which condition is caused by vomiting stomach contents?


A) hyperkalemia
B) hypernatremia and blood volume expansion
C) hypocalcemic tetany
D) alkalosis

Correct Answer

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Bicarbonate (HCO-3) is considered an anion because it


A) contains hydrogen.
B) contains carbon.
C) contains oxygen.
D) carries a negative charge.

Correct Answer

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What does urinary specific gravity measure?


A) plasma H+ concentration
B) hydration status of the body
C) plasma potassium
D) the buffering capacity of the blood

Correct Answer

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Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of this ion.


A) Na⁺
B) K⁺
C) H⁺
D) Cl-

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,and transcellular fluid?


A) contain no electrolytes
B) protein-free fluids
C) classified as extracellular
D) pH less than 6 (highly acidic)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?


A) Most body water is extracellular.
B) Plasma is extracellular fluid.
C) Transcellular fluid is extracellular.
D) There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid.

Correct Answer

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Retention of this ion causes water retention and edema formation.


A) potassium
B) hydrogen
C) sodium
D) bicarbonate

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is characteristic of acidosis?


A) pH of 7.55
B) a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ion in the blood
C) urinary excretion of bicarbonate
D) pH less than 7.35

Correct Answer

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Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?


A) lymph
B) interstitial
C) plasma
D) transcellular

Correct Answer

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Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of this cation.


A) calcium
B) bicarbonate
C) chloride
D) sodium

Correct Answer

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Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of


A) water.
B) albumin.
C) potassium.
D) sodium.

Correct Answer

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