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Exam 6: Learning

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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You carpool with a friend to school every morning and he always drives.One day,your friend is sick and you have to drive yourself.Even though you have never actually driven to school,you know the exact route to take in order to get there from your house,which is most likely the result of

A) latent learning.
B) insight learning.
C) secondary reinforcement.
D) behavior modification.

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Ellie hates it when her teenagers leave their dirty clothes on the floor.If Ellie decides to use the Premack principle to help her teens change their behavior,she should ________ to reward them for doing a less valued activity.

A) give a primary reinforcer
B) give a secondary reinforcer
C) use shaping
D) promise them a more valued activity

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Question 23

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Dr.Goodman is a developmental psychologist.He finds that if parents in a household bring their own work home with them to do in the evenings,children in that household have better homework grades than children whose parents do not bring work home. A) Explain modeling and vicarious conditioning. B) Discuss how one of these concepts might explain Dr.Goodman's finding.

Sunil wants to classically condition his dog to fear skunks so he does not get sprayed again.This task should be much easier than teaching him to fear a house plant because a dog

Tina believes in John Locke's idea of tabula rasa.When Tina's baby is born,she expects the child will most likely

Mason has spent many hours studying to learn the exact order of the first hundred digits of number pi,which has resulted in strengthened synaptic connections in his brain.Mason's ability to learn the numbers is most likely a result of

If Sheila wants to decrease her dog barking at the cat next door,she should most likely use

A father takes his young daughter to the park.The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee.The next day,the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers.When the girl sees the flowers,she becomes afraid and runs away.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is the

Fallon is afraid of loud sounds,like thunder.She associates lightning with thunder because it regularly precedes thunder.Thus,when Fallon sees lightning,she braces herself for hearing a big boom several seconds later.Fallon has experienced a certain kind of associative learning known as

Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of a behavior.Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist

Jess always feels hungry at 7:00 PM.Maggie decides to play a particular song for Jess at 6:59 PM for several nights in a row.One night,Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and Jess says,"Huh ...I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation,classical conditioning occurred because

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and realizes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction,they repeat those behaviors.Derek's observations are most consistent with

During the famous experiment with "Little Albert," Albert learned to fear rats when researchers used classical conditioning and presented a

During Tammy's eye exam,a buzzer rings and a puff of air is blown into her eye,which makes her blink.This happens several times.Then Tammy blinks when she hears the buzzer because she expects that a puff of air will be blown into her eye.In this example,Tammy is showing ________ learning.

After seeing her brother Lars play hopscotch several times,Britta tries to play the game herself. A) Explain what mirror neurons are. B) Describe the activity (or inactivity)in Britta's mirror neurons while Britta is observing Lars and when she is playing hopscotch herself.

Antonio has a fear of heights.He is consulting with a therapist so that he can take a trip to visit his cousin,who lives in Europe. A) What is systematic desensitization? B) How is systematic desensitization different from counterconditioning? C) What is the most important feature of systematic desensitization?

Ian,who is three years old,was watching his father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood together.If Ian learns how to hammer wood together after this experience,it is most likely the result of

Cheryl hears a new song on the radio every day during the week on her commute to work.Surprisingly,when the song comes on at a party on Saturday night,she knows most of the words without trying. A) Describe the three ways that we use cognition to learn without reinforcement. B) Which type of cognitive learning without reinforcement best explains how Cheryl knew the song lyrics? Explain your answer.

Olivia takes a drug that is supposed to increase her ability to memorize things.The drug works by increasing neural communication in the hippocampus,and when taken repeatedly,it may also support

Tripp is serving a 10-year prison sentence when he is informed by his parole board that he is getting out of jail early for good behavior.If the early release has the effect of increasing Tripp's good behavior in the future,then decrease of time in prison is an example of