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Exam 13: Psychological Disorders

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Question 261

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The development of phobias can be partly explained by:

A) classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
B) high brain levels of dopamine.
C) low brain levels of dopamine.
D) the misinterpretation of the signs of normal physical arousal.

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Question 262

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The culture-specific disorder hikkomori has symptoms in common with several Western disorders, including social anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and agoraphobia.

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Question 263

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Visual and tactile hallucinations are the most common types of hallucinations during a schizophrenic episode.

Even though Paula's friends have told her that her concerns are exaggerated, Paula continues to be excessively worried about physical symptoms that is out of proportion to the symptoms that exist. Which of the following psychological disorders is Paula MOST likely to have?

Danny, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, falsely believes that outside forces in the form of aliens from another universe have power over him and actively influence and manipulate his actions and thoughts. These types of delusions are called delusions of:

Describe the characteristics of dissociative identity disorder, and discuss the factors that have been implicated in its development.

Alan always has been terrified of spiders. He refuses to enter his bedroom at night until it has been thoroughly checked for spiders. Even a picture of a spider makes him extremely uncomfortable. Most likely, Alan is suffering from a psychological disorder called:

Compared with normal feelings of anxiety, pathological anxiety is irrational, is uncontrollable, and disrupts everyday functioning.

Which of the following is cited as evidence supporting the viral infection theory of schizophrenia?

Psychologist Marsha Linehan has suggested that disruption in attachment relationships in early childhood may be an important cause of the development of _____, since this disorder is characterized by intense and chronic fears of abandonment.

Some people suffer from a milder but chronic form of bipolar disorder in which they experience moderate but frequent mood swings for two years or longer. This disorder is called:

A falsely held belief that persists in spite of evidence contrary to the belief is formally called a:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, has proposed a new approach to classifying personality disorders that involves assessing people on two dimensions: a severity scale, which assesses the degree of impairment in personality functioning, and a trait scale, which rates the person on pathological personality traits, such as the tendency to be antagonistic, emotionally unstable, impulsive, or manipulative.

Statistically, women are _____ as men to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

The culture-specific disorder hikkomori has symptoms in common with:

According to the findings of the National Comorbidity Study Replication, roughly one out of every four people has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder during the previous year.

Disrupted brain chemistry may also contribute to the fact that eating disorders frequently accompany other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, substance abuse, personality disorders, and anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The diagnosis of conduct disorder is usually given when a child or an adolescent fails to conform to social norms and has repeated problems with school authorities or the police.

The finding that schizophrenia occurs more often in people who were born in the winter and spring, when upper respiratory infections are most common, is used to support the _____ of schizophrenia.

Brown and his colleagues (2004) found that women who had been exposed to a flu virus during the first trimester of pregnancy had a sevenfold increased risk of bearing a child who later developed schizophrenia.