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Exam 10: Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development

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Question 91

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Mia and Claire are 3-year-olds at free play in their preschool. Mia has a lacy apron tied around her head like a wedding veil, and Claire has a sheer curtain tied over her shoulders like a cape. Each is holding a wand-one is a stick with a star on the end, and the other is a long Tinker Toy stick with one wheel connector at the end. When asked what they're doing, Mia says, "We're playing fairy. We're both fairies." What kind of play are they engaging in?

A) bullying play
B) sociodramatic play
C) parallel play
D) rough-and-tumble play

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Question 92

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Briefly describe what happens during Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage.

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During Erikson's initiative versus guilt...

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Question 93

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Young children usually play best with _____.

Girls are worse than boys at regulating their externalizing emotions.

Induction is generally considered to be an effective strategy for helping children internalize standards.

By the age of _____, children are convinced certain toys are appropriate for one gender but not the other.

Emotional regulation is also called "______."

It is the child's intent that defines hurtful behavior as "antisocial."

Young children typically have low self-esteem since they compare their abilities with peers who are more competent.

When parents frequently remind their children of their positive accomplishments, it is common for children to develop _____.

The five kinds of play identified by Mildred Parten (1932) are solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative.

The form of discipline most frequently used with preschool children in North America is time-out.

_____ is a discipline technique that requires a child to stop all activity and sit quietly by himself or herself for a specific length of time.

Roderick hits or kicks Edwin on the playground nearly every day. He also encourages other children to laugh at Edwin's attempts to kick a ball. Roderick is using _____ aggression against Edwin.

A child's self-concept encompasses not only self-esteem but also awareness of personal traits such as gender and size.

A detailed study of Mexican-American mothers of preschoolers found that their parenting style was _____.

Children with a parent who does not have an optimal balance between emotional expression and emotional control may be likely to _____.

Which theory focuses on how children learn acceptable behaviors for their gender?

Rough-and-tumble play is another name for pretend play.

Jaspreet frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she receives. When alone, however, Jaspreet rarely plays the piano. Jaspreet's motivation _____.