Question 1

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   mice and birds
B)   insects and birds
C)   lions and horses
D)   humans and frogs
E)   fish and turtles

Question 2

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)   the respiratory system.
B)   the endocrine system.
C)   the immune and lymphatic systems.
D)   the integumentary system.
E)   the nervous system.

Question 3

Urea is produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)   liver from NH3 and CO₂.
B)   liver from glycogen.
C)   kidneys from glucose.
D)   kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids.
E)   bladder from uric acid and H₂O.

Question 4

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A)   the exchange of cytosol between the cells.
B)   a direct electrical connection between the cells.
C)   the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message.
D)   the exchange of DNA between the cells.
E)   the movement of the cells.

Question 5

The necropsy (post-mortem analysis)  of a freshwater fish that died after accidentally being placed in salt water would likely show that

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure.
B)   high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and lyse.
C)   the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis.
D)   the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and eventual asphyxiation.
E)   brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function.

Question 6

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia.
B)   ammonium.
C)   urea.
D)   uric acid.

Question 7

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

Accepted Answer

A)   negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion.
B)   the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops.
C)   both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors.
D)   endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts.
E)   it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system.

Question 8

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone) , a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Accepted Answer

A)   T3 and T4.
B)   epinephrine.
C)   growth hormone.
D)   calcitonin.
E)   glucagon.

Question 9

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Accepted Answer

A)   secretory cell.
B)   endocrine cell.
C)   target cell.
D)   regulatory cell.

Question 10

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Accepted Answer

A)   flatworms.
B)   earthworms.
C)   insects.
D)   vertebrates.
E)   cnidarians.

Question 11

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acids
B)   urea
C)   uric acid
D)   ammonia
E)   nitrogen gas

Question 12

Connective tissues typically have

Accepted Answer

A)   many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells.
B)   an apical side and a basal side.
C)   the ability to shorten upon stimulation.
D)   relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix.
E)   the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Question 13

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a negative feedback system.
B)   a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone.
C)   a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop.
D)   signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells.
E)   the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction.

Question 14

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Accepted Answer

A)   loops of Henle.
B)   distal convoluted tubules.
C)   Bowman's capsules.
D)   proximal convoluted tubules.
E)   glomeruli.

Question 15

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Accepted Answer

A)   flame bulb system of flatworms.
B)   protonephridia of flatworms.
C)   Malpighian tubules of insects.
D)   kidneys of vertebrates.

Question 16

Freshwater flatworms form urine that is typically

Accepted Answer

A)   of high solute concentration in order to conserve body fluids.
B)   of low volume in order to conserve body fluids.
C)   of high solute concentration and low volume in order to conserve body fluids.
D)   of high solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake.
E)   of low solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake.

Question 17

An example of a connective tissue is the

Accepted Answer

A)   skin.
B)   nerves.
C)   blood.
D)   epithelium.
E)   smooth muscles.

Question 18

A researcher is conducting an experiment to identify an unknown hormone. The experiment consists of exposing cells to the hormone and determining where the hormone is after a period of time. The researcher collects the data in the table below. What could be the identity of the unknown hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   oxytocin
B)   ADH
C)   testosterone
D)   It could be any of the three.

Question 19

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A)   functions only as an endocrine target.
B)   functions only in neural transmission.
C)   does not have any hormone receptors on its cells.
D)   secretes hormones that act directly on the gonads.
E)   controls most neuroendocrine signaling in mammals.

Question 20

In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of nephrons with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   a river otter
B)   a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest
C)   a mouse species living in a desert
D)   a beaver

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher is conducting an experiment to identify an unknown hormone. The experiment consists of exposing cells to the hormone and determining where the hormone is after a period of time. The researcher collects the data in the table below. What could be the identity of the unknown hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone) , a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freshwater flatworms form urine that is typically

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urea is produced in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of nephrons with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of a connective tissue is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothalamus

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The necropsy (post-mortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after accidentally being placed in salt water would likely show that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Connective tissues typically have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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