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You have been asked to address a group of parents, teachers, and high school administrators concerning the prevention and treatment of substance use and abuse. They want to discuss what attempts have not worked (so they can avoid them), as well as what has been effective in preventing what they see as an epidemic of alcohol and drug use. What will you tell them?

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The three most notable approaches that h...

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One of the most consistent predictors of chronic delinquency (or being a life-course persistent offender) appears to be rooted in:


A) poor relations with peers during childhood.
B) being exposed to disorganized families with hostile, inept, or neglectful parenting.
C) academic failure in junior high school.
D) pessimistic attitudes about employment prospects.

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Research shows that the enormous sums of money spent by tobacco companies on marketing cigarettes to teenagers are:


A) pretty much a waste because the marketing strategies have little effect on adolescents.
B) unnecessary because adolescents would smoke even without the extensive advertising.
C) does not cause adolescents to start smoking; tobacco advertising is mainly effective at brand recognition.
D) important in getting adolescents to stop smoking because these companies now are required to sponsor antismoking ads.

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Researchers believe that changes in rates of adolescent drug use:


A) are in opposition to messages they receive from parents and teachers.
B) are in opposition to messages they receive from the media.
C) may relate to their perceptions of how harmful and disapproved of the drug is.
D) show a consistent gap in drug use between males and females.

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According to recent surveys, which drug is used most on a daily basis by high school students?


A) marijuana
B) alcohol
C) tobacco
D) cocaine

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Which behavior would not be seen as a manifestation of lack of impulse control?


A) truancy
B) depression
C) defiance
D) academic difficulties

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Based on prior successful methods, which of the following methods is likely to reduce drug and alcohol use?


A) drug and alcohol education
B) raising the price of alcohol and cigarettes
C) scare tactics
D) laws restricting the sale of these items to minors

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Many adolescents commit acts of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) . What is this and approximately how many adolescents have engaged in this at least once?


A) NNSI is a behavior such as deliberately burning or cutting oneself and nearly 25% of adolescents have engaged in this at least once.
B) NNSI is a behavior such as deliberately burning or cutting another person and nearly 25% of adolescents have engaged in this at least once.
C) NNSI is a behavior such as deliberately burning or cutting oneself and nearly 85% of adolescents have engaged in this at least once.
D) NNSI is thinking about doing something such as deliberately burning or cutting oneself and nearly 15% of adolescents have thought about this at least once.

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Which of the following has not been supported by research addressing drug use by adolescents?


A) Almost half of adolescents have experimented with alcohol and marijuana.
B) Many adolescents use alcohol or marijuana regularly.
C) Marijuana is the drug most used by adolescents.
D) Most adolescents have not experimented with hard drugs.

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Which of the following statements about adolescent cigarette use is true?


A) The huge increase in the price of cigarettes over the last couple decades has led to a sharp decrease in the percentage of smoking adolescents.
B) Antismoking campaigns have contributed to the steady decline of cigarette use among adolescents.
C) The most effective way to reduce adolescent smoking has been to enforce laws that restrict sales of cigarettes to minors.
D) Despite changes in tobacco industry policies, the percentage of smoking adolescents has remained stable over two decades.

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Alice has a substance abuse problem. Which of the following problems is she also likely to have?


A) internalizing disorder
B) externalizing disorder
C) internalizing and externalizing disorders are both likely to accompany substance use problems
D) None of the above.

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Which of the following is the best explanation of serious problem behavior during adolescence?


A) Problem behavior is the result of the hormonal changes that accompany puberty.
B) Problem behavior is a manifestation of an inherent need to rebel against authority that is common during adolescence.
C) Problem behavior results from having an identity crisis.
D) Problem behavior is likely to be a sign that something is wrong.

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Which statement about the familial influences on an adolescent's drug and alcohol use is false?


A) Distant, hostile, and conflicted family relations are risk factors for developing substance abuse problems.
B) An indulgent, permissive parenting style is a protective factor against developing substance abuse problems.
C) An uninvolved, neglecting-rejecting parenting style is a risk factor for developing substance abuse problems.
D) There are both genetic and family-environmental influences on development of adolescent substance abuse problems.

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Eduardo was caught binge drinking on Saturday night. This means that he:


A) drinks alcohol every day.
B) drinks alcohol every weekend.
C) has had more than five alcoholic drinks in a row.
D) has had enough alcohol within the past year to cause him to black out.

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Which substance is most commonly used and abused by adolescents?


A) alcohol
B) marijuana
C) nicotine
D) cocaine

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Christi suffers from depression. She also gets in fights at school to express her anger and sadness. Christi's problems fall into which category?


A) internalizing disorder
B) externalizing disorder
C) Christi has comorbid disorders
D) substance abuse

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The common factor with respect to comorbidity in internalizing disorders is:


A) the subjective state of distress.
B) acting-out behaviors.
C) depression.
D) withdrawal.

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