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________ is a situation in which one person takes advantage of another person's mental, emotional, or physical weakness and unduly persuades that person to enter into a contract.


A) Duress
B) Undue influence
C) Fraud
D) Scienter

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Intentional misrepresentation is considered fraud.

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While signing a contract, one of the parties misinterpreted a legal clause. Neither of the parties is a legal professional. Which of the following statements holds well in this scenario?


A) The party who misinterpreted the law is actionable for fraud.
B) The party who misinterpreted the law may rescind the contract.
C) The party who misinterpreted the law is not actionable for fraud.
D) The contract is declared unenforceable as the law has been misinterpreted.

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Unilateral mistake is a mistake in which only one party is mistaken about a material fact regarding the subject matter of a contract.

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Mistakes in clerical or mathematical errors that are not the result of gross negligence are considered unilateral mistakes.

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Scienter means knowledge that a representation is false or that it was made without sufficient knowledge of the truth.

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Predictions about the future generally do not form the basis for fraud.

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A material fact is a fact that is irrelevant to the subject matter of a contract but pertains to the conduct of the parties.

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When a mutual mistake of value occurs, the contract remains enforceable by either party.

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The measure of damages awarded to the innocent party for fraud is the difference between the value of the property as represented and the actual value of the property.

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If a seller does not disclose legal disputes involving the property being sold, he or she is liable for silence as misrepresentation.

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Which of the following is true of a unilateral mistake?


A) Only one mistake or ambiguity is present in the subject matter of the entire contract.
B) Out of several contracts drafted simultaneously between two parties, one has a mistake in its subject matter that does not concern the other contracts.
C) Only one party is mistaken about a material fact regarding the subject matter of a contract.
D) A single mistake about a material fact in the subject matter of a contract appears several times in the contract.

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Which of the following constitutes duress?


A) an event that occurs when one person consciously decides to induce another person to rely and act on a misrepresentation
B) a situation in which one person takes advantage of another person's mental, emotional, or physical weakness and unduly persuades that person to enter into a contract
C) a threat to commit extortion unless someone enters into a contract
D) the knowledge that a representation is false or that it was made without sufficient knowledge of the truth

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If there is a confidential relationship between two people, any contract made by the servient party that benefits the dominant party is presumed to be entered into under undue influence.

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A misrepresentation of a material fact is actionable as fraud only if it occurs by words.

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Which of the following is true of undue influence in entering contracts?


A) Undue influence need not require the overcoming of the innocent party's free will.
B) Undue influence is not grounds for prosecution, as the innocent party has complete freedom to evaluate the terms of the contract.
C) A contract that is entered into because of undue influence is not voidable.
D) A fiduciary or confidential relationship must have existed between the parties for undue influence to be proven.

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What should be shown to prove fraud?

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To prove fraud, the following elements m...

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________ is a situation in which one party threatens to do a wrongful act unless the other party enters into a contract.


A) Scienter
B) Duress
C) Battery
D) Assault

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Which of the following occurs when one party intentionally hides a material fact from another party?


A) fraud in the inducement
B) fraud in concealment
C) silence as misrepresentation
D) misrepresentation of law

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________ occurs if a person is deceived as to the nature of his or her act and does not know what he or she is signing.


A) Fraud in the inducement
B) Fraud in the inception
C) Fraud by concealment
D) Fraud by suppression

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