Question 1

Explain why substance abuse is so resistant to treatment and is associated with such high relapse.

Accepted Answer

Substance abuse is often resistant to tr...

Question 2

Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a complicating factor in interpreting findings from studies of the effects of marijuana?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marijuana contains many compounds.
B)  Many users are polydrug abusers.
C)  Effects vary widely with potency and dose.
D)  Its problems were recognized only recently.

Question 3

Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  teaching people and those close to them to reinforce behaviors inconsistent with drinking.
B)  teaching families of alcoholics to express their love only when the alcoholic is not drinking.
C)  providing tokens when the alcoholic abstains from drinking for a certain amount of time.
D)  going through a 12-step alcohol abstinence program.

Question 4

The "stepping-stone" theory of drug use is also referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational theory.
B)  multi-determined theory.
C)  social facilitation theory.
D)  gateway theory.

Question 5

Heroin addiction and crime are thought to be highly correlated because

Accepted Answer

A)  the drug causes loss of a moral sense,and sociopathy develops.
B)  criminals are more likely to become drug addicts than non-criminals because of their association with people in the "black market" drug trade.
C)  addicts commit crimes in order to raise money to buy drugs.
D)  addicts do not actually commit more crimes but are arrested more often because their behavior while on the drug is disruptive. C

Question 6

Which of the following is a risk of administering drugs to alcoholics as a means of treating their symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person is simply seeking a chemical cure when the cause may be psychological
B)  Making the person believe that taking a substance is necessary to solve the problem
C)  Many of the recommended medications also have unpleasant side effects that are compounded by the withdrawal from alcohol
D)  All of the above choices are correct.

Question 7

Sedatives most likely affect

Accepted Answer

A)  norepinephrine levels.
B)  the GABA system.
C)  dopamine receptors.
D)  muscarinic receptors.

Question 8

Jared is receiving guided self-change therapy for his alcohol abuse.Accordingly,he is also learning strategies for controlling his behaviors associated with drinking,as well as actual drinking.In such a program,which of the following would NOT be a factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The encouragement of minor behavioral changes (e.g. ,not driving past bars) 
B)  Calculating the amount of money spent on alcohol per year
C)  Achieving recognition that he has become completely powerless over alcohol
D)  Utilizing an empathic,supportive approach C

Question 9

Belief in the spiritual aspects of Alcoholics Anonymous has been found to

Accepted Answer

A)  be important for success in remaining abstinent.
B)  lead to a fatalism that actually interferes with combating alcohol dependence.
C)  play an insignificant role in the success of the program.
D)  No research has been done on this aspect of the program.

Question 10

Which drug produces euphoria,drowsiness,reverie,and sometimes a lack of coordination?

Accepted Answer

A)  cocaine
B)  heroin
C)  LSD
D)  amphetamines

Question 11

Which of the following are withdrawal symptoms from caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A)  headaches
B)  anxiety
C)  fatigue
D)  All of the above choices are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following drugs is most likely to have life-threatening withdrawal reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol
B)  barbiturates
C)  heroin
D)  cocaine

Question 13

Mark is experiencing the following symptoms after taking a drug: he feels an initial rush of ecstasy,has great self-confidence and has lost all his worries and fears.At the same time,he is feeling drowsy and relaxed.Which of the following drugs is Mark most likely to have taken?

Accepted Answer

A)  heroin
B)  alcohol
C)  marijuana
D)  cocaine

Question 14

What has been shown to be related to the changes in marijuana consumption among high school students?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social factors that foster marijuana use,such as joblessness or economic factors.
B)  Media images supporting cigarette smoking.
C)  Lowered purity of marijuana available in the market.
D)  Beliefs about the risks associated with marijuana smoking.

Question 15

Substance dependence may be distinguished from substance abuse by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  substance dependence is associated more with legal trouble because of usage.
B)  substance abuse results in not meeting major obligations.
C)  substance dependent users endanger themselves by driving while under the influence.
D)  substance dependence is associated with failed attempts to reduce usage.

Question 16

If a drug is used largely because it decreases negative mood,then the psychological effect of that drug is considered

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforcing.
B)  positively reinforcing.
C)  non-addictive.
D)  a mood stabilizer. A

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in alcohol tolerance?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin
B)  dopamine
C)  norepinephrine
D)  GABA

Question 18

Research on the genetic contribution of drug abuse has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic risk factors are stronger for "hard" drugs,such as stimulants and hallucinogens.
B)  genetic risk factors appear to be the same no matter what the drug.
C)  genetic risk is strongest for alcohol.
D)  only marijuana use has been shown to be unrelated to genetic risk.

Question 19

The initial effect of alcohol is

Accepted Answer

A)  depressive.
B)  sedating.
C)  anxiety producing.
D)  pleasurable feelings.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All fetuses exposed to alcohol will have cognitive problems later in life.
B)  Research suggests that growth deficits associated with prenatal alcohol exposure may be moderated by healthy family environments.
C)  Research indicates that moderate drinking has no effect on the fetus.
D)  The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism has concluded that mild drinking is harmless for pregnant women.

Exam 10: Substance-Related Disorders

Explain why substance abuse is so resistant to treatment and is associated with such high relapse.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISubstance abuse is often resistant to tr...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a complicating factor in interpreting findings from studies of the effects of marijuana?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contingency management is a treatment for alcohol dependency that involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "stepping-stone" theory of drug use is also referred to as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heroin addiction and crime are thought to be highly correlated because

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is a risk of administering drugs to alcoholics as a means of treating their symptoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sedatives most likely affect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jared is receiving guided self-change therapy for his alcohol abuse.Accordingly,he is also learning strategies for controlling his behaviors associated with drinking,as well as actual drinking.In such a program,which of the following would NOT be a factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Belief in the spiritual aspects of Alcoholics Anonymous has been found to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which drug produces euphoria,drowsiness,reverie,and sometimes a lack of coordination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are withdrawal symptoms from caffeine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following drugs is most likely to have life-threatening withdrawal reactions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark is experiencing the following symptoms after taking a drug: he feels an initial rush of ecstasy,has great self-confidence and has lost all his worries and fears.At the same time,he is feeling drowsy and relaxed.Which of the following drugs is Mark most likely to have taken?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has been shown to be related to the changes in marijuana consumption among high school students?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substance dependence may be distinguished from substance abuse by the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a drug is used largely because it decreases negative mood,then the psychological effect of that drug is considered

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in alcohol tolerance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the genetic contribution of drug abuse has shown that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The initial effect of alcohol is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Substance abuse is often resistant to tr...
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