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"Positioning" is a marketing management aid which refers to:


A) a product's ability to provide both immediate satisfaction and social responsibility.
B) how customers think about proposed and/or present brands in a market.
C) a firm's ability to distribute products through intermediaries who are in the right position to reach target customers.
D) how a firm approaches customer relationship management.
E) all of the above.

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By differentiating the marketing mix to do a better job meeting customers' needs, the firm builds a competitive advantage.

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Which of the following is LEAST likely to compete in the same generic market with the others?


A) Pop corn.
B) Soft drink.
C) Napkin.
D) Cookie.
E) Ice cream.

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Planning marketing strategies for international markets:


A) is usually most effective when the marketing manager uses the same marketing strategy for all markets.
B) is often easier than planning domestic strategies because economic, political, and other uncontrollable variables are less important.
C) is "easy" because each country should be treated as one target market.
D) All of the above are true.
E) None of the above is true.

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A segmenter is more likely than a combiner to really satisfy a target market and build such a close relationship with customers that it faces no real competition.

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When a company provides its advertising agency with a statement about a new product to use in designing an advertising campaign, and this statement includes a description of the target market, the product type, the primary benefits of using the product, and how this product is different from, and better than, competitive products, what type of statement is this?


A) Qualifying
B) Positioning
C) Determining
D) Clustering
E) Combining

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When segmenting markets, one should look at geographic location and demographic characteristics as well as customers' desire and willingness to compare and shop, but behavioral needs aren't important for this purpose.

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In segmenting the cell phone user product-market, cell phone maker Super Cellular found one segment that valued sending text messages and another that wanted their phone to play MP3 music files. The firm developed a single handset for both market segments and used the same marketing mix in targeting both segments. For this product-market, Super Cellular operated as a ____.


A) combiner
B) value operator
C) market leader
D) segmenter
E) multi-segmenter

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Which of the following statements about positioning is NOT true? Positioning techniques


A) position products on a graph based on price level and quantity demanded.
B) require a firm to collect data about consumer perceptions of products.
C) are sometimes called "perceptual mapping" techniques.
D) typically rely on a "product space" diagram to show the relationship among various products.
E) may use information about consumers' "ideal" products, so that the preferences of different segments of consumers can be considered.

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The example for the seven-step approach (discussed in the text) uses recreational vehicles in the U.S. as its broad product-market.

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When doing "positioning," a marketing manager should:


A) avoid targeting strategies.
B) focus on specific product features of all generic competitors.
C) rely on how customers think about proposed and/or existing brands in a market.
D) plan physical product changes rather than image changes.
E) All of the above.

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Watson's Bakery found five different market segments among customers for its bakery goods. When developing a market-oriented strategy, the marketing manager used a ____ approach, putting two target markets together and developing a single marketing mix that would meet the needs of the new larger segment.


A) particular target market
B) multiple target market
C) combined target market
D) product-market target market
E) specialty targeting

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Qualifying dimensions are those that actually affect the customer's purchase of a specific brand in a product-market.

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Ideally, product-markets should be described in terms of:


A) behavioral needs, attitudes, and how present and potential goods or services fit into customers' consumption patterns.
B) urgency to get needs satisfied and desire and willingness to compare and shop.
C) geographic location and other demographic characteristics of potential customers.
D) All of the above.
E) Only A and B above.

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Combiners (as opposed to segmenters) :


A) try to satisfy target customers "very well" rather than "pretty well."
B) try to develop a different marketing mix for each submarket.
C) want to avoid "inviting" competition.
D) are not target marketers--they aim at everybody.
E) try to increase the size of their target markets by combining two or more market segments.

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The combined target market approach involves segmenting the market and choosing two or more segments, then treating each as a separate target market needing a different marketing mix.

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A ______________ market is a market with broadly similar needs and sellers offering various--and often diverse--ways of satisfying those needs.


A) planned
B) target
C) central
D) generic
E) relevant

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The process of naming broad product-markets and then segmenting them in order to select target markets and develop suitable marketing mixes is called:


A) Market penetration.
B) Market segmentation.
C) Market development.
D) Market research.
E) Market pioneering.

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Segmenters, in contrast to combiners:


A) try to aim at homogeneous submarkets of larger product-markets.
B) see one aggregate demand curve for a generic market.
C) are accepting the likelihood of lower sales.
D) assume that everyone in a broad product-market has the same needs.
E) develop general-purpose marketing mixes that appeal to several submarkets.

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A basic difference between a "generic market" and a "product-market" is:


A) whether or not sellers in the market rely on e-commerce.
B) how similar the competing sellers' products are.
C) whether customer needs are similar or different.
D) whether the market includes only buyers--or both buyers and sellers.
E) There is NO DIFFERENCE--the terms mean the same thing.

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