Question 1

Traits in two or more organisms that are similar, but not derived from a common ancestor, are called

Accepted Answer

A)   homoplastic traits.
B)   homologous traits.
C)   ancestral traits.
D)   synapomorphies.
E)   paraphyletic.

Question 2

In the phylogenetic tree shown in Question 1, which species is considered the outgroup?

Accepted Answer

Species D. The outgr...

Question 3

Which of the following lists of taxonomic categories ranks them properly (from most inclusive to least inclusive) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Phylum, order, family, genus
B)   Class, phylum, order, species
C)   Order, class, family, genus
D)   Family, order, class, kingdom
E)   Kingdom, class, species, genus

Question 4

The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by

Accepted Answer

A)   Motoo Kimura.
B)   Emile Zuckerkandl.
C)   Carolus Linneaus.
D)   Charles Darwin.
E)   Alfred Russell Wallace.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about monophyletic groups is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are clades.
B)   They include all descendants of the common ancestor of the members of the group.
C)   At least two "cuts" are required to remove a monophyletic group from a phylogenetic tree.
D)   Both a and b
E)   Both b and c

Question 6

Which of the following are commonly used to infer phylogenetic relationships among plants but not among animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nuclear genes
B)   Chloroplast genes
C)   Mitochondrial genes
D)   Ribosomal RNA genes
E)   Protein-coding genes

Question 7

The ratites are a group of flightless birds comprising the ostrich, emu, cassowaries, rheas, and kiwis. All share certain morphological similarities (such as a breastbone without a keel)  not found in other birds, but they live on different continents. In the past, some ornithologists regarded their similarities as homoplasies, but they are now thought to be synapomorphies. Based on this information, you would conclude that the ratites were once regarded as a _______ group but are now believed to be _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   polyphyletic; paraphyletic
B)   paraphyletic; monophyletic
C)   polyphyletic; monophyletic
D)   monophyletic; polyphyletic
E)   monophyletic; paraphyletic

Question 8

Which of the following properties of HIV makes it difficult to trace the source of the virus from one person to the next?

Accepted Answer

A)   The transmission of the virus involves very few (often just one)  viral particles.
B)   HIV evolves very slowly within the host.
C)   The host can have a genetically diverse population of viruses.
D)   Molecular phylogenies of viruses cannot be constructed.
E)   None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements about traits is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   A trait may be considered ancestral or derived, depending on the point of reference.
B)   Homoplastic traits can arise by convergent evolution.
C)   Derived traits differ from their ancestral forms.
D)   Synapomorphies are shared ancestral traits.
E)   Traits may be lost by evolutionary reversal.

Question 10

Tetramorium hispidum and T. spinosum are two species of ants that are related more closely to each other than they are to any other species. Thus, they are known as _______ species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tetramorium hispidum and T. spinosum are two...

Question 11

Which of the following is not true of maximum likelihood or parsimony methods for inferring phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

A)   The maximum likelihood method requires an explicit model of evolutionary character change.
B)   The parsimony method is computationally easier than the maximum likelihood method.
C)   The maximum likelihood method is easier to treat in a statistical framework.
D)   The maximum likelihood method is most often used with molecular data.
E)   Parsimony is usually used to infer time on a phylogenetic tree.

Question 12

Which of the following sources of molecular data would be most helpful for a study of the evolutionary relationships of closely related animal species?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chloroplast DNA
B)   Mitochondrial DNA
C)   The amino acid sequences of a protein found in all animals, such as cytochrome c
D)   Ribosomal RNA sequences
E)   Both b and d

Question 13

Which of the following statements describes a purpose for which biologists use phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

A)   For human diseases once found only in other animals, phylogenetic trees are helpful in determining when and where the infectious organisms first entered human populations.
B)   Phylogenetic trees are useful for determining how many times a particular trait may have evolved independently within a lineage.
C)   Phylogenetic trees can be used to reconstruct ancestral traits.
D)   Phylogenetic trees can be used in conjunction with molecular clocks to estimate the timing of evolutionary events.
E)   All of the above

Question 14

Traits that are similar in different species for reasons other than a shared common ancestor are known as _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traits that are similar in different species...

Question 15

Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea are each other's closest relatives. Therefore, they are considered _______ species.

Accepted Answer

A)   rooted
B)   parapyletic
C)   homologous
D)   daughter
E)   sister

Question 16

Which of the following is a limitation of the use of morphology in phylogenetic analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some morphological variation has a genetic basis.
B)   Few morphological traits can be directly compared across distant taxa.
C)   Some taxa exhibit little morphological diversity.
D)   Both a and b
E)   Both b and c

Question 17

The study of biodiversity is called

Accepted Answer

A)   homology.
B)   homoplasy.
C)   systematics.
D)   phylogeny.
E)   synapomorphy.

Question 18

Discuss the application of the parsimony principle in the construction of phylogenetic trees.

Accepted Answer

In the construction of a phylogenetic tr...

Question 19

The phylogenetic tree below shows the evolutionary relationships of five species (A-E) relative to five traits (1-5). Based on this tree, fill in the table below it, using 1 to indicate the presence of a derived trait and 0 to indicate the presence of an ancestral trait.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The phylogenetic tree below shows the evolutionary...

Question 20

Which of the following groups have separate sets of rules for nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

A)   Animals
B)   Plants and fungi
C)   Bacteria
D)   Viruses
E)   All of the above

Exam 22: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Which of the following properties of HIV makes it difficult to trace the source of the virus from one person to the next?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about traits is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true of maximum likelihood or parsimony methods for inferring phylogeny?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are commonly used to infer phylogenetic relationships among plants but not among animals?

Correct Answer
verified

Tetramorium hispidum and T. spinosum are two species of ants that are related more closely to each other than they are to any other species. Thus, they are known as _______ species.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a limitation of the use of morphology in phylogenetic analysis?

Correct Answer
verified

The phylogenetic tree below shows the evolutionary relationships of five species (A-E) relative to five traits (1-5). Based on this tree, fill in the table below it, using 1 to indicate the presence of a derived trait and 0 to indicate the presence of an ancestral trait.

Correct Answer
verified

The study of biodiversity is called

Correct Answer
verified

Discuss the application of the parsimony principle in the construction of phylogenetic trees.

Correct Answer
verified
In the construction of a phylogenetic tr...
View Answer

Which of the following lists of taxonomic categories ranks them properly (from most inclusive to least inclusive) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Traits that are similar in different species for reasons other than a shared common ancestor are known as _______.

Correct Answer
verified

In the phylogenetic tree shown in Question 1, which species is considered the outgroup?

Correct Answer
verified
Species D. The outgr...
View Answer

Which of the following sources of molecular data would be most helpful for a study of the evolutionary relationships of closely related animal species?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about monophyletic groups is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea are each other's closest relatives. Therefore, they are considered _______ species.

Correct Answer
verified

Traits in two or more organisms that are similar, but not derived from a common ancestor, are called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements describes a purpose for which biologists use phylogenetic trees?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following groups have separate sets of rules for nomenclature?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 22: Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Which of the following properties of HIV makes it difficult to trace the source of the virus from one person to the next?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about traits is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of maximum likelihood or parsimony methods for inferring phylogeny?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are commonly used to infer phylogenetic relationships among plants but not among animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetramorium hispidum and T. spinosum are two species of ants that are related more closely to each other than they are to any other species. Thus, they are known as _______ species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The system of binomial nomenclature was developed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a limitation of the use of morphology in phylogenetic analysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phylogenetic tree below shows the evolutionary relationships of five species (A-E) relative to five traits (1-5). Based on this tree, fill in the table below it, using 1 to indicate the presence of a derived trait and 0 to indicate the presence of an ancestral trait.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of biodiversity is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the application of the parsimony principle in the construction of phylogenetic trees.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn the construction of a phylogenetic tr...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following lists of taxonomic categories ranks them properly (from most inclusive to least inclusive) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Traits that are similar in different species for reasons other than a shared common ancestor are known as _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the phylogenetic tree shown in Question 1, which species is considered the outgroup?

Correct AnswerverifiedSpecies D. The outgr...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following sources of molecular data would be most helpful for a study of the evolutionary relationships of closely related animal species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about monophyletic groups is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea are each other's closest relatives. Therefore, they are considered _______ species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Traits in two or more organisms that are similar, but not derived from a common ancestor, are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements describes a purpose for which biologists use phylogenetic trees?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following groups have separate sets of rules for nomenclature?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the construction of a phylogenetic tr...
View Answer

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Species D. The outgr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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