Exam 46: Sensory Systems

A) flatworms.
B) cephalopods.
C) arthropods.
D) insects.
E) roundworms.

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A) There are three different types of cone cells in the human retina.
B) The absorption spectra of cone cells differ because of molecular differences in the retinal molecules.
C) Rods do not contribute to color vision.
D) The different rhodopsins in the human retina differ according to the range of wavelengths of light they absorb best.
E) Nocturnal animals often have poor color vision.

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A) larger amount of mucus in their noses.
B) larger surface area of their nasal epithelia.
C) greater density of their olfactory nerve endings.
D) larger number of capillaries in their noses.
E) typical canine body temperature.

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A) Ommatidia are the optical units of compound eyes.
B) The number of ommatidia per eye can vary greatly in different species.
C) The eyes of cephalopods are similar to the compound eyes of arthropods.
D) The compound eye communicates a relatively crude image to the central nervous system.
E) Each ommatidium has a lens structure that directs light onto photoreceptors.

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A) Structure 1 - Controls the amount of light reaching photoreceptor cells
B) Structure 2 - Contracts to moves lens closer to or farther away from retina to focus image
C) Structure 3 - Area where density of cones is highest
D) Structure 4 - Area of the blind spot
E) Structure 5 - Allows the eye to accommodate

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A) it permits coordination of attacks on prey.
B) these waves travel a very long distance.
C) the echoes of these waves bouncing back help locate prey.
D) the echoes of these waves bouncing back help in navigation.
E) All of the above

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A) Mechanoreceptors transduce mechanical forces into changes in receptor potential.
B) If a mechanoreceptor is subject to increased distortion, more ion channels within its membrane open.
C) Most mechanoreceptors are metabotropic sensory receptors.
D) If the receptor potential of a mechanoreceptor rises above a threshold, an action potential is propagated.
E) Stimulus strength determines the rate of generated action potentials.

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A) activates a G protein.
B) activates transducin.
C) leads to a chain of events which converts cyclic GMP (cGMP) to GMP.
D) Both a and b
E) a, b, and c

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A) sweet
B) sour
C) bitter
D) umami
E) salty

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A) It demonstrates that the membrane potential of rod cells is hyperpolarized in the dark.
B) It demonstrates that the membrane potential of rod cells is depolarized by light.
C) The stimulus that produces tracing 1 causes the rod cell to release more neurotransmitter than the stimulus that produces tracing 3.
D) The membrane potential depicted in tracing 3 shows the response to dim light.
E) None of the above

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A) gustatory nucleus
B) fovea
C) vomeronasal organ
D) organ of Corti
E) loop of Henle

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A) an ionotropic sensory receptor
B) the opening of a pressure-sensitive cation channel
C) a metabotropic sensory receptor
D) a second messenger system
E) Both a and b

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A) Motor cells
B) Action cells
C) Sensory cells
D) Glial cells
E) Chemoreceptors

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A) an ionotropic sensory receptor.
B) the opening of a cation channel.
C) a metabotropic sensory receptor.
D) a second messenger system.
E) Both c and d

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A) Meissner's corpuscle
B) Lateral line
C) Organ of Corti
D) Semicircular canal
E) Saccule

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A) amacrine cells
B) bipolar cells
C) ganglion cells
D) rods and cones
E) horizontal cells

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