Question 1

If a POSITIVE REINFORCER is added after a behavior and the behavior is strengthened/increased,the process used is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  extinction.
D)  punishment.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  taking away a child's favorite toy for hitting another child
B)  removing a penalty you imposed on a child after he began acting better
C)  giving a child a star for telling a lie
D)  giving a child a cookie for cleaning her room

Question 3

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
B)  negative reinforcement
C)  punishment
D)  positive reinforcement

Question 4

To avoid getting a headache,Lory always lets her dog outside when it sits by the door and howls.This is an example of which type of punishment or reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive punishment
B)  negative reinforcement
C)  positive reinforcement
D)  response cost

Question 5

Billy throws rocks.Each time he throws a rock,he is immediately spanked.Spanking is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer
B)  negative reinforcer
C)  secondary reinforcer
D)  punishment

Question 6

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination
B)  stimulus generalization
C)  spontaneous recovery
D)  2nd order conditioning

Question 7

Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  presenting;withdrawing
B)  withdrawing;presenting
C)  aversive;pleasant
D)  give;take

Question 8

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction
B)  discrimination
C)  avoidance training
D)  desensitization

Question 9

At the National Zoological Park in Washington,D.C. ,a polar bear suffered a broken tooth,and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem.The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door,then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth.Finally,a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward.This is an example of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling
B)  shaping
C)  negative reinforcement
D)  secondary learning

Question 10

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  for the first correct response after a specific amount of time has passed
B)  for correct responses after randomly varying amounts of time have passed
C)  after a specific number of responses are given
D)  after a randomly varying number of responses are given

Question 11

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  occur less frequently
B)  occur more frequently
C)  occur at the same rate
D)  completely stop

Question 12

A person originally feared great heights,such as standing on top of tall buildings.Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes,standing on ladders,and even watching high-wire artists perform.These new fears are probably the result of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling
B)  discrimination
C)  stimulus generalization
D)  response generalization

Question 13

The 5-year-old of two very busy parents has been throwing tantrums.Whenever the child goes off the deep end,one or both of his parents immediately come to his side and fuss over and cajole him.Nevertheless,his tantrums do not diminish;they even seem to increase.We may assume that his parents' fussing over him serves as a _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcer
B)  punisher
C)  positive reinforcer
D)  model

Question 14

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Accepted Answer

A)  present the tone alone repeatedly
B)  present the puff of air alone repeatedly
C)  increase the loudness of the tone
D)  increase the amount of air that is directed toward the eye

Question 15

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive punishment
B)  negative reinforcement
C)  positive reinforcement
D)  response cost

Question 16

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  for the first correct response after a fixed amount of time has passed
B)  for the first correct response after varying amounts of time have passed
C)  for the next correct response after a fixed number of responses have been made
D)  for the next correct response after a varying number of responses have been made

Question 17

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning
B)  insight learning
C)  vicarious learning
D)  operant conditioning

Question 18

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bar of candy
B)  warm,physical contact
C)  money
D)  a drink of water

Question 19

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  blinking in response to a flash of light
B)  studying in order to get a teacher's approval
C)  sneezing in response to dust
D)  pulling one's hand away from a flame

Question 20

Classical conditioning:

Accepted Answer

A)  is primarily concerned with reflexes.
B)  is primarily concerned with involuntary responses.
C)  is passive.
D)  all of the above

Exam 5: C: Learning

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.

Correct Answer
verified

To avoid getting a headache,Lory always lets her dog outside when it sits by the door and howls.This is an example of which type of punishment or reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning:

Correct Answer
verified

Billy throws rocks.Each time he throws a rock,he is immediately spanked.Spanking is a ________.

Correct Answer
verified

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Correct Answer
verified

A person originally feared great heights,such as standing on top of tall buildings.Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes,standing on ladders,and even watching high-wire artists perform.These new fears are probably the result of _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _ is to _.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

Correct Answer
verified

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

Correct Answer
verified

If a POSITIVE REINFORCER is added after a behavior and the behavior is strengthened/increased,the process used is called:

Correct Answer
verified

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Correct Answer
verified

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Correct Answer
verified

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _________ .

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: C: Learning

When a stimulus similar to the CS also elicits the CR,the phenomenon is called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To avoid getting a headache,Lory always lets her dog outside when it sits by the door and howls.This is an example of which type of punishment or reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wearing sunglasses ALL THE TIME because people tell you they make you look "irresistible" is an example of which of the types of punishment and reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Billy throws rocks.Each time he throws a rock,he is immediately spanked.Spanking is a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A research participant hears a tone followed by a puff of air directed toward his eye.Later,he blinks when he hears the tone.Before ending the experiment,what could the researcher do in order to extinguish the blinking to that tone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person originally feared great heights,such as standing on top of tall buildings.Now the person has also developed fears of flying in airplanes,standing on ladders,and even watching high-wire artists perform.These new fears are probably the result of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _______ is to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taste aversions seem to be specific examples of what type of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pigeon learns to peck only at a red disk.It will not peck at an identical disk of any other color.This illustrates the concept of ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a POSITIVE REINFORCER is added after a behavior and the behavior is strengthened/increased,the process used is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of a behavior that is learned through operant conditioning is _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When someone uses negative reinforcement to change a behavior the behavior is likely to __________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is given _________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Analogy: Negative reinforcement is to punishment as _ is to _.

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