Question 1

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same eukaryotic cell, only DNA replication ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   uses RNA polymerase
B)   makes a new molecule from its 5' end to its 3' end
C)   occurs in the nucleus of the cell
D)   incorporates the entire template molecule in the product

Question 2

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   TTT
B)   UUA
C)   UUU
D)   AAA

Question 3

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   binding of ribosomes to mRNA
B)   shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes
C)   binding of the anticodon to a small subunit of the ribosome
D)   attachment of amino acids to rRNAs
E)   binding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to tRNAs

Question 4

How does termination of translation take place?

Accepted Answer

A)   The end of the mRNA molecule is reached.
B)   A stop codon is reached.
C)   The 5' cap is reached.
D)   The poly-A tail is reached.

Question 5

In E. coli, if RNA polymerase is missing ________, then transcription initiation would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites.

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acids
B)   mRNA
C)   sigma
D)   the core enzyme

Question 6

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the quantity of DNA polymerase
B)   the quantity of RNA polymerase
C)   the size of mRNA
D)   the number of ribosomes

Question 7

Ribosomes can attach to prokaryotic messenger RNA ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   once post-transcriptional modification is complete
B)   before transcription is complete
C)   once replication is complete
D)   once the primary transcript has been released from RNA polymerase

Question 8

-The figure associated with this question represents a tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   UGG
B)   GUG
C)   GUA
D)   UUC
E)   CAU

Question 9

Translation requires ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mRNA, tRNA, DNA, and rRNA
B)   mRNA, DNA, and rRNA
C)   mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
D)   mRNA, tRNA, and DNA

Question 10

-In the figure associated with this question, what is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   It attaches to the amino acid.
B)   It base pairs with a codon of mRNA.
C)   It stabilizes the tRNA-amino acid complex.
D)   It is the active site of this ribozyme.

Question 11

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   binding of sigma to the promoter region
B)   formation of a phosphodiester bond in the elongating RNA strand
C)   binding of DNA polymerase to the promoter region
D)   formation of a DNA primer

Question 12

-The tRNA shown with the previous question has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end?

Accepted Answer

A)   The codon and anticodon complement one another.
B)   The amino acid binds covalently.
C)   The excess nucleotides (ACC
A)   will be cleaved off at the ribosome.
D)   The small and large subunits of the ribosome will attach to it.
E)   The 5' cap of the mRNA will become covalently bound.

Question 13

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Accepted Answer

A)   a duplication of all or most introns
B)   a large inversion whose ends are each in the same region between genes
C)   a nucleotide substitution in an exon coding for a transmembrane domain
D)   a single nucleotide deletion in an exon coding for an active site
E)   a frameshift mutation one codon away from the 3' end of the nontemplate strand

Question 14

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA polymerase I
B)   RNA polymerase II
C)   RNA polymerase III
D)   RNA polymerase IV
E)   primase

Question 15

There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize 4 or more different codons
B)   the rules for base pairing between the third base of a codon and tRNA are flexible
C)   many codons are never used, so the tRNAs that recognize them are dispensable
D)   the DNA codes for all 61 tRNAs, but some are then destroyed
E)   competitive exclusion forces some tRNAs to be destroyed by nucleases

Question 16

Translation directly involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mRNA, tRNA, GTP, and DNA
B)   mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and DNA
C)   mRNA, ribosomes, GTP, and DNA
D)   mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and GTP
E)   tRNA, ribosomes, GTP, and DNA

Question 17

Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This virus has a single-stranded RNA genome containing about 6300 nucleotides. Its capsid is 25-30 nm in diameter and contains 180 identical capsomeres. If the yellow mottle virus begins its infection of a cell by using its genome as mRNA, which of the following would you expect to be able to measure?

Accepted Answer

A)   replication rate
B)   transcription rate
C)   translation rate
D)   accumulation of new ribosomes
E)   formation of new transcription factors

Question 18

What ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)   the anticodon of a properly formed aminoacyl tRNA
B)   the methyl-guanosine cap of a properly modified mRNA
C)   the poly-A tail of a properly modified mRNA
D)   the twisting number of a properly supercoiled DNA

Question 19

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called alpha-amanitin. Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA, but not of tRNA or rRNA, in eukaryotic organisms. This is possible because alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the action of RNA polymerase I, but not RNA polymerase II or III
B)   RNA polymerase III, but not RNA polymerase I and II
C)   the action of RNA polymerases I and II, but not RNA polymerase III
D)   the action of RNA polymerase II, but not RNA polymerase I or III

Question 20

Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
B)   Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.
C)   RNA splicing can be catalyzed by tRNA.
D)   A primary transcript is often much shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

Exam 17: Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Ribosomes can attach to prokaryotic messenger RNA ________.

Correct Answer
verified

-The figure associated with this question represents a tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Correct Answer
verified

How does termination of translation take place?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Correct Answer
verified

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

Correct Answer
verified

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called alpha-amanitin. Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA, but not of tRNA or rRNA, in eukaryotic organisms. This is possible because alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription in bacteria?

Correct Answer
verified

-The tRNA shown with the previous question has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end?

Correct Answer
verified

Translation directly involves ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same eukaryotic cell, only DNA replication ________.

Correct Answer
verified

In E. coli, if RNA polymerase is missing ________, then transcription initiation would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites.

Correct Answer
verified

What ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation?

Correct Answer
verified

-In the figure associated with this question, what is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

Correct Answer
verified

Translation requires ________.

Correct Answer
verified

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Ribosomes can attach to prokaryotic messenger RNA ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The figure associated with this question represents a tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine) . Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does termination of translation take place?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a phenotypic change?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotes there are several different types of RNA polymerase. Which type is involved in transcription of mRNA for a globin protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called alpha-amanitin. Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA, but not of tRNA or rRNA, in eukaryotic organisms. This is possible because alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are 61 mRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs. This is best explained by the fact that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide depends on specificity in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription in bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-The tRNA shown with the previous question has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Translation directly involves ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In comparing DNA replication with RNA transcription in the same eukaryotic cell, only DNA replication ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In E. coli, if RNA polymerase is missing ________, then transcription initiation would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What ensures that the correct amino acid is added during translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-In the figure associated with this question, what is the function of the AGU on the loop of the tRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Translation requires ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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