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Exam 8: Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

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Question 1

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Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X → Y → Z → A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. -With respect to the enzyme that converts X to Y, substance A functions as ________.

A) a coenzyme
B) an allosteric inhibitor
C) the substrate
D) an intermediate
E) a competitive inhibitor

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Question 2

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-You have discovered an enzyme that can catalyze two different chemical reactions. Which of the following is most likely to be correct?

A) The enzyme contains α-helices and β-pleated sheets.
B) The enzyme is subject to competitive inhibition and allosteric regulation.
C) Two types of allosteric regulation occur: The binding of one molecule activates the enzyme, while the binding of a different molecule inhibits it.
D) Either the enzyme has two distinct active sites or the reactants involved in the two reactions are very similar in size and shape.

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D

Question 3

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According to the induced fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis, ________.

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. In the mid-1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV called protease. Once the enzyme's structure was known, researchers began looking for drugs that would fit into the active site and block it. If this strategy for stopping HIV infections were successful, it would be an example of what phenomenon?

Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

During a laboratory experiment, you discover that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ∆G of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ∆G for the new reaction?

You collect data on the effect of pH on the function of the enzyme catalase in human cells. Which of the following graphs would you expect?

Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy?

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?

Enthalpy (H) is the ________.

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X → Y → Z → A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. -Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because ________.

The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is most precisely described as ________.

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -Which of the following terms best describes the forward reaction in the figure?

Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?

A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is best described as ________.

-Consider the HIV enzyme called protease. The amino acid residues at the active site are highly hydrophobic. In designing a drug that would bind to the active site and jam it, researchers should use a molecule that is ________.

The following question(s) are based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the accompanying figure. -Which of the following represents the activation energy needed for the enzyme-catalyzed reverse reaction, C + D → A + B, in the figure?

Which of the following is TRUE of enzymes?

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ________ is to ________.

To attach a particular amino acid to the tRNA molecule that will transport it, an enzyme, an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, is required, along with ATP. Initially, the enzyme has an active site for ATP and another for the amino acid, but it is not able to attach the tRNA. What must occur for the final attachment to occur?