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How does the Internet typically impact price transparency and information asymmetry?


A) Both price transparency and information asymmetry increase
B) Both price transparency and information asymmetry decrease
C) Price transparency increases while information asymmetry decreases
D) Price transparency decreases while information asymmetry increases.

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Diagram and label the value chain, listing all primary and secondary components.

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Consumers buying commodities are highly _____ since they have so many similar choices.


A) quality-conscious
B) price-focused
C) brand-driven
D) technologically discriminating
E) loyal

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A(n) _____ is the symbolic embodiment of all the information connected with a product or service.


A) trademark
B) copyright
C) patent
D) brand
E) advertisement

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_____, also known as the Industry and Competitive Analysis, is a popular framework for examining a firm's competitive environment.

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Porter's f...

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Netscape, which once controlled more than 80 percent of the market share in Web browsers, lost its dominant position when customers migrated to Internet Explorer, Microsoft's Web browser. Internet Explorer was easy to install and had no significant differences in terms of usability. This example serves to illustrate that:


A) fast-following smaller firms are always ready with newer and possibly superior products.
B) customers of technology companies are becoming increasingly savvy and more demanding.
C) the open source nature of technology ensures that no firm can expect to monopolize a market.
D) firms need to employ increasingly stringent intellectual property norms to guard against infringements from smaller, competitive rivals.
E) firms with low switching costs can sometimes be rapidly overtaken by strong rivals with additional competitive advantages.

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Which of the following is not highlighted as a source of switching costs?


A) Learning costs
B) Information and data
C) Search costs
D) Viral marketing
E) Loyalty programs

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A firm's financial performance that consistently outperforms its industry's peers is known as _____.


A) comparative advantage
B) absolute advantage
C) sustainable competitive advantage
D) first mover advantage
E) operational efficiency advantage

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The degree to which complete information is available is known as _____.


A) information assurance
B) data proximity
C) operational alertness
D) price transparency
E) data consolidation

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Network externalities exist when a product or service becomes less expensive as more people use it.

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Dell, previously the world's number one PC manufacturer, has seen its market share shrink because of rivals copying its value chain and reducing the price advantage it enjoyed over rivals. Dell's present struggles:


A) underscore the importance of continually assessing a firm's strategic position among changing market conditions.
B) are a result of rivals adopting supply chain management of software products that have yielded competitive advantages.
C) imply that publicly traded firms are at a disadvantage in the technology sector.
D) highlight the fact that scale advantages of an established firm are a huge factor in discouraging newer entrants to a market.
E) demonstrate that resource-based thinking can help firms avoid the trap of carelessly entering markets simply because growth is spotted.

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According to Michael Porter, the reason many firms suffer margin-eroding competition is because they have defined themselves according to strategic positioning rather than operational effectiveness.

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A strong brand can be an exceptionally powerful resource for competitive advantage by lowering ________, proxying _____ and inspiring _____.


A) price; strategy; innovation
B) switching costs; quantity; performance
C) expenses; marketing; respect
D) search costs; quality; trust
E) customer concern; investment; profits

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Which of the following represents one of the primary components of the value chain?


A) Outbound logistics
B) Firm infrastructure
C) Human resource management
D) Research and development
E) Procurement

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When technology can be matched quickly, it is rarely a source of competitive advantage.

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Leveraging consumers to promote a product or service is known as _____.


A) straddling
B) affiliating
C) long tailing
D) crowdsourcing
E) viral marketing

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The paths through which products or services get to customers are known as _____.


A) information pathways
B) vertical markets
C) distribution channels
D) proxy networks
E) horizontal markets

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A decision situation where one party has more or better information than its counterparty is called a(n) _____.

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informatio...

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Apple's dominance of smartphone and tablet markets has allowed the firm to lock up 60 percent of the world's supply of advanced touch-screen displays, and to do so with better pricing than would be available to smaller rivals. This is an example of:


A) network externalities that make Apple valuable.
B) high switching costs for suppliers.
C) a complex tech product establishing itself as a killer brand.
D) a growing firm gaining bargaining power with its suppliers.
E) low search costs associated with a famous brand.

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Fast growing Groupon was able to dissuade rivals from entering its market because the firm's technology was so difficult to replicate.

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