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Exam 2: Cryptographic Tools

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Question 1

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Triple DES takes a plaintext block of 64 bits and a key of 56 bits toproduce a ciphertext block of 64 bits.

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verified

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Question 2

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Also referred to as single-key encryption, the universal technique for providing confidentiality for transmitted or stored data is __________ .

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symmetric ...

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Symmetric encryption is used primarily to provide confidentiality.

There are two general approaches to attacking a symmetric encryption scheme:cryptanalytic attacks and __________ attacks.

Public-key encryption was first publicly proposed by __________ in 1976.

The purpose of the __________ algorithm is to enable two users to securely reach agreement about a shared secret that can be used as a secret key for subsequent symmetric encryption of messages.

Public-key algorithms are based on simple operations on bit patterns.

A __________ stream is one that is unpredictable without knowledge of the input key and which has an apparently random character.

A __________ attack exploits the characteristics of the algorithm to attempt to deduce a specific plaintext or to deduce the key being used.

The __________ algorithm takes the ciphertext and the secret key and producesthe original plaintext.

The original message or data that is fed into the algorithm is __________.

The simplest approach to multiple block encryption is known as __________ mode, in which plaintext is handled b bits at a time and each block of plaintext is encrypted using the same key.

Combined one byte at a time with the plaintext stream using the XOR operation, a __________ is the output of the pseudorandom bit generator.

On average, __________ of all possible keys must be tried in order to achieve success with a brute-force attack.

The strength of a hash function against brute-force attacks dependssolely on the length of the hash code produced by the algorithm.

Two of the most important applications of public-key encryption aredigital signatures and key management.

__________ is a block cipher in which the plaintext and ciphertext are integers between 0 and n-1 for some n.

The secret key is input to the encryption algorithm.

Transmitted data stored locally are referred to as __________ .

__________ is the scrambled message produced as output.