Question 1

Rods and cones synapse with ______ cells, which then synapse with ____ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   ganglion; bipolar
B)   bipolar; ganglion
C)   amacrine; unipolar
D)   amacrine; bipolar

Question 2

Rushton demonstrated that the physiological mechanism behind dark adaptation is

Accepted Answer

A)   visual pigment regeneration.
B)   the enzyme cascade.
C)   modular organization.
D)   photon remission.

Question 3

(a) In words and/or diagrams, discuss why convergence of the rods results in increased sensitivity, but decreased acuity.
(b) In words and/or diagrams, discuss why the lack of convergence in the foveal cones results in decreased sensitivity, but increased acuity.

Accepted Answer

(a) Convergence of the rods results in i...

Question 4

At the beginning of the action potential, _____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive potassium
B)   negative potassium
C)   positive sodium
D)   negative sodium

Question 5

The distance at which the lens can no longer bring a close object into focus is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   far point.
B)   near point.
C)   high point.
D)   coupee point. B

Question 6

Light can be described in terms of wavelength, or as consisting of small packets of energy called

Accepted Answer

A)   photons.
B)   electrons.
C)   ions.
D)   pulsars.

Question 7

(a) Discuss the major differences between the rods and the cones.
(b) Describe two retinal disorders that differentially affect the rods and the cones.

Accepted Answer

(a) The major differences between rods a...

Question 8

Acuity is better in the ____ than in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   periphery; fovea
B)   optic disk; fovea
C)   optic disk; cornea
D)   fovea; periphery

Question 9

__________ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.

Accepted Answer

A)   Inhibition
B)   Excitation
C)   Exhibition
D)   Both inhibition and excitation

Question 10

The "rod-cone break" in the dark adaptation curve occurs after about ___ in the dark.

Accepted Answer

A)   30 seconds
B)   2 minutes
C)   7 minutes
D)   30 minutes C

Question 11

_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

Accepted Answer

A)   Opsin
B)   Retinal
C)   Choroid
D)   Thyric acid

Question 12

There are ____different cone receptors, each with different absorption spectra.

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   3
C)   4
D)   7

Question 13

Acuity develops to almost 20/20 vision by the time the infant is

Accepted Answer

A)   one month old.
B)   two months old.
C)   one year old.
D)   two years old.

Question 14

The isomerization of a single pigment molecule triggers what is best described as a

Accepted Answer

A)   chain reaction.
B)   ballistic expansion.
C)   hyperactive potential.
D)   hypopolarization wave. A

Question 15

The visual pigment molecules are contained in the

Accepted Answer

A)   inner segments of the visual receptors.
B)   outer segments of the visual receptors.
C)   axons of the rods.
D)   axons of the cones.

Question 16

Converging circuits with excitation and inhibition are associated most closely with which step of the perceptual process?

Accepted Answer

A)   recognition
B)   attention
C)   neural processing
D)   the environmental stimulus

Question 17

The _____ analogy is used to describe the relationship of neurotransmitters with receptor sites.

Accepted Answer

A)   "needle in a haystack"
B)   "lock and key"
C)   "stadium wave"
D)   "rolling stone"

Question 18

The episode of "Mythbusters" cited in the textbook demonstrated that dark adaptation was the reason why

Accepted Answer

A)   poker players wear sunglasses.
B)   pirates wore eyepatches.
C)   cardinals have good night vision.
D)   giants have poor night vision.

Question 19

Our perception of the environment depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   the properties of the objects in the environment.
B)   the properties of the electrical signals in the nervous system.
C)   both the properties of the environmental objects and properties of the electrical signals in the nervous system.
D)   none of these are true.

Question 20

The Purkinje shift

Accepted Answer

A)   is when reds appear brighter than blues in well-lit conditions, but blues appear brighter than reds in dim conditions.
B)   is when blues appear brighter than reds in well-lit conditions, but blues appear brighter than reds in dim conditions.
C)   is when details that are easily seen in well-lit conditions become more difficult to see in low-light conditions.
D)   demonstrates the importance of eye movements in visual pigment regeneration.

Exam 2: The Beginnings of Perception

Rods and cones synapse with ______ cells, which then synapse with ____ cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rushton demonstrated that the physiological mechanism behind dark adaptation is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

(a) In words and/or diagrams, discuss why convergence of the rods results in increased sensitivity, but decreased acuity. (b) In words and/or diagrams, discuss why the lack of convergence in the foveal cones results in decreased sensitivity, but increased acuity.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI(a) Convergence of the rods results in i...View AnswerShow Answer

At the beginning of the action potential, _____ ions flow from outside the nerve fiber into the nerve fiber.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The distance at which the lens can no longer bring a close object into focus is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Light can be described in terms of wavelength, or as consisting of small packets of energy called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

(a) Discuss the major differences between the rods and the cones. (b) Describe two retinal disorders that differentially affect the rods and the cones.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AI(a) The major differences between rods a...View AnswerShow Answer

Acuity is better in the ____ than in the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is necessary for the neural transmission and processing of information.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "rod-cone break" in the dark adaptation curve occurs after about ___ in the dark.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

_______ reacts to light to start the process of transduction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are ____different cone receptors, each with different absorption spectra.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acuity develops to almost 20/20 vision by the time the infant is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The isomerization of a single pigment molecule triggers what is best described as a

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The visual pigment molecules are contained in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Converging circuits with excitation and inhibition are associated most closely with which step of the perceptual process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ analogy is used to describe the relationship of neurotransmitters with receptor sites.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The episode of "Mythbusters" cited in the textbook demonstrated that dark adaptation was the reason why

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our perception of the environment depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Purkinje shift

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rods and cones synapse with __ cells, which then synapse with cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
(a) Convergence of the rods results in i...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
(a) The major differences between rods a...
View Answer

Acuity is better in the than in the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified