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________ is a group of firms colluding to make price and output decisions.


A) A concentrated industry
B) An oligopoly
C) A cartel
D) Price leadership

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The government uses the four firm concentration ratio as a guideline to determine which proposed mergers are acceptable.

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Game theory was first developed by John Nash.

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Game theory enables economists to fully understand and predict the behavior of oligopolistic industries with more than two firms.

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Oligopolists compete on price but not quality.

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An industry in which there are five firms each accounting for 20 percent of the market has an HHI of 100.

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Refer to the information provided in Table 14.3 below to answer the question that follows. Table 14.3 B's Strategy  Advertise  Don’t Advertise  A’s profit $ 200 million A’s profit $75 million  A’s Strategy  Advertise  B’s profit $ 75 million B’s profit $50 million  Don’t  A’s profit $50 million  A’s profit $100 million  B’s profit $200 B’s profit $100 Advertise  million  million \begin{array} { l l l l } & & { \text { Advertise } } & { \text { Don't Advertise } } \\\hline & & & \text { A's profit \$ 200 million}\\& & \text { A's profit } \$ 75 \text { million } \\\text { A's Strategy } & \text { Advertise } & \text { B's profit \$ 75 million }& \text {B's profit } \$ 50 \text { million } \\& & & \\& \text { Don't } & \text { A's profit } \$ 50 \text { million } & \text { A's profit } \$ 100 \text { million } \\& & \text { B's profit } \$ 200 & \text { B's profit } \$ 100 \\& \text { Advertise } & \text { million } & \text { million } \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Table 14.3. The result of this game is a prisoner's dilemma. In which of the following cases is it most likely that the firms will be able to overcome the prisoner's dilemma?


A) repeated play
B) a single interaction
C) when both firms follow a maximin strategy
D) government intervention

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Refer to the information provided in Table 14.2 below to answer the question that follows. Table 14.2 B's Strategy Advertise  Don’t AdvertiseA’s profit $ 100 A’s profit $ 200 million  millionAdvertiseB’s profit $ 100 B’s profit $ 50 million  millionA‘s strategyDONTA’s profit $ 50millionA’s profit $ 75millionadvertiseB’s profit $ 200millionB’s profit $ 75million\begin{array}{l}\begin{array} {| ll | l l| } \hline &&\text {Advertise }&\text { Don't Advertise}\\\hline &&\text {A's profit \$ 100 }&\text {A's profit \$ 200 }\\&&\text {million }&\text { million}\\&\text {Advertise}&\text {B's profit \$ 100 }&\text {B's profit \$ 50 }\\&&\text {million }&\text { million}\\\text {A`s strategy}\\&DON`T&\text {A's profit \$ 50million}&\text {A's profit \$ 75million}\\&advertise&\text {B's profit \$ 200million}&\text {B's profit \$ 75million}\\\hline \end{array}\end{array} -Refer to Table 14.2. If both firms follow a maximin strategy, the equilibrium in the game is ________.


A) (Advertise, Advertise)
B) (Don't Advertise, Don't Advertise)
C) (Don't Advertise, Advertise)
D) (Advertise, Don't Advertise)

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In general, oligopolists compete


A) on price alone.
B) on many dimensions except for price.
C) on price, R&D, and marketing and advertising.
D) None of the above. There is no competition in oligopolistic industries.

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Refer to the information provided in Figure 14.7 below to answer the questions that follow. Refer to the information provided in Figure 14.7 below to answer the questions that follow.   Figure 14.7 -Refer to Figure 14.7. Six firms that produce chewing gum form a cartel. The cartel faces the market demand curve given by D. To maximize profits, the cartel should produce ________ packs of chewing gum and the price should be ________. A)  12,000; $.25 B)  12,000; $.40 C)  14,000; $.30 D)  16,000; $.35 Figure 14.7 -Refer to Figure 14.7. Six firms that produce chewing gum form a cartel. The cartel faces the market demand curve given by D. To maximize profits, the cartel should produce ________ packs of chewing gum and the price should be ________.


A) 12,000; $.25
B) 12,000; $.40
C) 14,000; $.30
D) 16,000; $.35

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In an oligopolistic industry, the price firms charge and the quantity they produce would be the same as if the industry were a monopoly if


A) the market is contestable.
B) the oligopolists behave as Cournot assumed.
C) one of the oligopolists acts as a dominant firm price leader.
D) the oligopolists collude.

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A(n) ________ industry is characterized by strategic behavior.


A) perfectly competitive
B) monopolistic
C) monopolistically competitive
D) oligopolistic

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The product differentiation of firms in an industry is an indicator of the size distribution of firms.

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Which of the following are benefits associated with the oligopoly model?


A) allocative efficiency
B) pricing at marginal cost
C) product variety and innovation
D) None of the above are benefits associated with the oligopoly model.

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The conclusion that firms in oligopoly always produce where price exceeds marginal cost is true for all models of oligopoly EXCEPT the


A) collusive oligopoly model.
B) price-leadership model.
C) Cournot model.
D) contestable market model.

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The market structure in which the behavior of any given firm depends on the behavior of the other firms in the industry is


A) perfect competition.
B) monopoly.
C) monopolistic competition.
D) oligopoly.

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Refer to the information provided in Table 14.1 below to answer the question that follows. Table 14.1 B's Strategy  Raise Price  Don’t Raise Price  Raise  A’s profit $3,000 A’s profit $10,000 Price  B’s profit $3,000 B’s profit $15,000 A’s Strategy  Don’t  A’s profit $15,000 A’s profit $5,000 Raise  B’s profit $10,000 B’s profit $5,000\begin{array} { r r r r } \hline & & \text { Raise Price } & \text { Don't Raise Price } \\\hline& \text { Raise } & \text { A's profit } \$ 3,000 & \text { A's profit } \$ 10,000 \\& \text { Price } & \text { B's profit } \$ 3,000 & \text { B's profit } \$ 15,000 \\ { \text { A's Strategy } } & & & \\& \text { Don't } & \text { A's profit } \$ 15,000 & \text { A's profit } \$ 5,000 \\& \text { Raise } & \text { B's profit } \$ 10,000 & \text { B's profit } \$ 5,000 \\\hline\end{array} -Refer to Table 14.1. Firm A does not have a dominant strategy.

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Markets in which entry and exit are difficult are known as contestable markets.

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When all players play their best strategy given what their competitors are doing, they are following their dominant strategy.

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To the extent that oligopolies differentiate their products,


A) there is overproduction from society's point of view.
B) they force themselves into deadlocks that waste resources.
C) there is the promise of new and exciting products.
D) they are also likely to price at marginal cost.

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