A) All of the DNA at the end of the second generation was of intermediate density.
B) All of the DNA at the end of the second generation was heavy.
C) There were three bands of DNA at the end of the second generation, all with different densities.
D) After two generations, half of the DNA was intermediate and half light.
E) After two generations, half of the DNA was intermediate and half heavy.
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A) Single-stranded and antiparallel
B) Double-stranded and antiparallel
C) Single-stranded and parallel
D) Double-stranded and parallel
E) Triple-stranded and parallel
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Proofreading occurs during synthesis of ...View Answer
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A) synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 3 to 5 in eukaryotes and from 5 to 3 in bacteria.
B) synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5 to 3 in eukaryotes and from 3 to 5 in bacteria.
C) there are multiple replication forks in each eukaryotic chromosome and only two in bacterial DNA.
D) synthesis of the new DNA strand is from 5 to 3 in eukaryotes and is random in prokaryotes.
E) Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotic DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication.
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A) The fidelity of DNA polymerase activity will be decreased.
B) Mismatched nucleotides will no longer be detected by the replication complex.
C) Ligase will not be able to repair nicks in the DNA.
D) The excision repair proteins will no longer function.
E) A higher frequency of mutations will become fixed in the newly synthesized strand.
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A) bacteria can be transformed.
B) DNA contains phosphorus.
C) DNA replication is semiconservative.
D) the transforming substance requires host factors.
E) DNA is the carrier of hereditary information in bacteriophages.
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A) a strand containing that nucleotide will cease to elongate.
B) strand elongation will proceed as normal.
C) nucleotides will be added only at the 5ʹ end.
D) Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase will become nonfunctional.
E) the primer will be unable to anneal with the DNA template.
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A) 15
B) 20
C) 5
D) 10
E) The total cannot be determined.
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A) 1ʹ
B) 2ʹ
C) 3ʹ
D) 4ʹ
E) 5ʹ
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A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA helicase
D) The leading strand
E) The lagging strand
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A) each of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand.
B) only one of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand.
C) the complete separation of the original strands, the synthesis of new strands, and the reassembly of double-stranded molecules.
D) the use of the intact double-stranded molecule as a template.
E) the synthesis of DNA without a template.
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A) enzymes that destroy proteins also destroy transforming activity.
B) the transformed R bacteria passed on the virulence trait to daughter cells.
C) enzymes that destroy complex carbohydrates also destroy transforming activity.
D) the transforming activity is destroyed by boiling.
E) other strains of bacteria also can be transformed successfully.
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A) DNA, not protein, is the genetic molecule.
B) a substance from one organism can alter heritable characteristics of another organism.
C) smooth bacteria can survive heating.
D) rough bacteria can survive heating.
E) bacteria must have rough capsules to be virulent.
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A) purifying each of the macromolecule types from a cell-free extract.
B) removing each of the macromolecules from a cell, then testing its type.
C) selectively destroying the different macromolecules in a cell-free extract.
D) adding different macromolecules from a cell.
E) straining out the different macromolecules in a cell-free extract.
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A) DNA polymerase is unable to initiate replication without an origin.
B) the DNA polymerase enzyme requires the 5ʹ (-OH) end of an existing strand to catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides.
C) RNA primase is the first enzyme in the replication complex.
D) primers mark the sites where helicase has to unwind the DNA.
E) the DNA polymerase enzyme requires the 3ʹ (-OH) end of an existing strand to catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotides.
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A) DNA ligase
B) DNA helicase
C) Telomerase
D) DNA polymerase
E) A sliding DNA clamp
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A) increases the number of nucleotides that can be polymerized at one time.
B) holds open the two strands of the DNA molecule for access to the bonds.
C) slides forward, separating additional strands of the DNA molecule.
D) temporarily holds the nucleotides together until phosphodiester bonds can form.
E) unwinds the double helix to allow DNA polymerase to bind.
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