Question 1

New golfers learn putting skills best if they are first reinforced for effective short putts followed by reinforcement for increasingly longer-distance putting effectiveness.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed reinforcement.
B)   shaping.
C)   variable-interval reinforcement schedules.
D)   spontaneous recoveryE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of classical and operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both are forms of associative learning.
B)   Both involve acquisition,extinction,and generalization.
C)   Classical conditioning,but not operant conditioning,involves spontaneous recovery.
D)   Through operant conditioning,we associate our own behaviors with consequences.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

Accepted Answer

A)   ineffective in even temporarily restraining unwanted behavior.
B)   more effective than negative reinforcers in shaping behavior.
C)   the opposite of positive reinforcers and thus is its psychological equivalent in terms of changing behavior.
D)   less effective than positive reinforcers in promoting desirable behavior.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcer.
B)   punishment.
C)   conditioned stimulus.
D)   secondary reinforcer.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

The law of effect refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)   learn associations between consecutive stimuli.
B)   learn in the absence of reinforcement.
C)   repeat rewarded behaviors and discontinue punished behaviors.
D)   make a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits.Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratioE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 7

A young child who is spanked after running into the street learns not to repeat this behavior.In this case,the spanking is a

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcer.
B)   negative reinforcer.
C)   positive punishment.
D)   negative punishment.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The introduction of an unpleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   acquisition;extinction
B)   negative reinforcer;positive reinforcer
C)   primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer
D)   punishment;reinforcementE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Because Mr.Baron demonstrates appreciation only for very good classroom answers,his students have stopped participating in class.Mr.Baron most clearly needs to be informed of the value of

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   shaping.
D)   partial reinforcement.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Shaping is a(n) ________ procedure.

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery
B)   operant conditioning
C)   classical conditioning
D)   positive punishmentE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   partial reinforcement.
C)   generalization.
D)   shaping.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone.To get him to speak,his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance,then only for a clearly spoken word,and finally only for a complete sentence.The teacher is using the method of

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcement.
B)   delayed reinforcement.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   shaping.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

A trainer wants a pigeon to quickly learn to peck a button to obtain food.She also wants to be sure the behavior is resistant to extinction.So,she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered followed by ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive;negative
B)   negative;positive
C)   continuous;partial
D)   partial;continuousE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive reinforcer;negative reinforcer
B)   primary reinforcer;secondary reinforcer
C)   immediate reinforcer;delayed reinforcer
D)   reinforcement;punishmentE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Sandwich shops that reward customers with a free sandwich after every 10 sandwich purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   variable-interval
C)   fixed-ratio
D)   variable-ratioE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   the law of effect.
C)   shaping.
D)   classical conditioning.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   variable-interval
C)   fixed-ratio
D)   variable-ratioE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   primary
D)   conditionedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

A learned association between two stimuli is most central to

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   a fixed-interval schedule.
D)   classical conditioning.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Dr.Raheja places a rat in a small cage where it learns to press a bar to obtain a food pellet.Obviously,Dr.Raheja is using a(n) ________ to study learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant chamber
B)   variable-ratio schedule
C)   Pavlovian maze
D)   fixed-ratio scheduleE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 21: Classical Conditioning

Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits.Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The introduction of an unpleasant stimulus is to ________ as the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The law of effect refers to the tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A trainer wants a pigeon to quickly learn to peck a button to obtain food.She also wants to be sure the behavior is resistant to extinction.So,she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered followed by ________ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A young child who is spanked after running into the street learns not to repeat this behavior.In this case,the spanking is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A learned association between two stimuli is most central to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because Mr.Baron demonstrates appreciation only for very good classroom answers,his students have stopped participating in class.Mr.Baron most clearly needs to be informed of the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shaping is a(n) ________ procedure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children can learn to fear the persons and places associated with their punishment.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true of classical and operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The taste of food and relief from a headache are both ________ reinforcers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Raheja places a rat in a small cage where it learns to press a bar to obtain a food pellet.Obviously,Dr.Raheja is using a(n) ________ to study learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sandwich shops that reward customers with a free sandwich after every 10 sandwich purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An event that decreases the frequency of the behavior that it follows is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-old Trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone.To get him to speak,his teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance,then only for a clearly spoken word,and finally only for a complete sentence.The teacher is using the method of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

New golfers learn putting skills best if they are first reinforced for effective short putts followed by reinforcement for increasingly longer-distance putting effectiveness.This best illustrates the value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The introduction of an unpleasant stimulus is to as the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus is to .

Correct Answer
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A trainer wants a pigeon to quickly learn to peck a button to obtain food.She also wants to be sure the behavior is resistant to extinction.So,she should use reinforcement until the response is mastered followed by reinforcement.

Correct Answer
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Receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as is to .

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