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Ideologies are:


A) systems that change only when massive revolutions take place in particular societies.
B) systems that remain constant over time.
C) often brought into question when certain aspects of that ideology are challenged.
D) no longer existent in modern societies.

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The United States has laws that prohibit cockfighting.People in Bali might say that people in the United States are:


A) culturally advanced.
B) more moral.
C) ethnocentric.
D) from high culture.

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Legitimate advertisers tend to view culture jamming as:


A) a boost to sales of their products.
B) negative.
C) another way to increase competition.
D) a way to bring attention to the positive aspects of their products.

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A group of protestors blocking the entrance to the campus administration building refuse to leave.When the police begin spraying them with tear gas,Gramsci would say that the police are practicing:


A) socialization.
B) hegemony.
C) domination.
D) rebellion.

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The experience of internalizing a culture's norms,values,and the like,is known as:


A) socialization.
B) ideology.
C) hegemony.
D) reflection.

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Media centralization refers to:


A) the fact that, as digital devices become more common, fewer and fewer people who can afford all of them are granted access to the media.
B) the movement of the media production industry to California in the mid-twentieth century.
C) the fact that fewer and fewer groups own more and more of the media.
D) the role of the computing cloud in making data and information increasingly accessible from remote locations.

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Jean Kilbourne's college lectures and film,Killing Us Softly (1979) ,examine which of the following issues?


A) racism in the media
B) gun violence in the media
C) homophobia in the media
D) sexism in the media

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The first interracial kiss in a film took place in:


A) 1890.
B) 1920.
C) 1945.
D) 1967.

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Research questions such as why fairy tales often begin with a mother's death are an example of the analysis of media content stemming from Gramsci's work and known as:


A) the functional analysis.
B) psychoanalysis.
C) meta-analysis.
D) textual analysis.

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Most broadcasting companies are privately owned in the United States and are supported financially by advertising.This means they are likely to reflect the biases of their owners and backers.Knowing that the press is not free suggests that there is a:


A) political economy of the media.
B) liberal media.
C) media controlled by antitrust laws.
D) cooperative economy.

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The first form of mass media was the:


A) television.
B) book.
C) silent film.
D) billboard.

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The study of culture tells us that:


A) the way "our" culture lives tends to be the most efficient.
B) there are many ways to view the same symbol.
C) most foreign cultures are primitive.
D) most cultures don't understand the meaning of morals.

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Everything in our constructed environment,including technology,buildings,furniture,clothing,and books,is part of our:


A) subculture.
B) counterculture.
C) nonmaterial culture.
D) material culture.

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The act of turning media against itself,such as the actions of Rockin' Rollen and Adbusters,is called:


A) culture jamming.
B) hegemony.
C) domination.
D) reflection theory.

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Antonio Gramsci coined the term hegemony to mean that a dominant group wins "consent" of the masses through "moral and intellectual leadership." His thoughts are closely related to:


A) Auguste Comte.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Herbert Gans.
D) Dalton Conley.

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Norms are to ____________ as values are to ____________.


A) attitudes; behavior
B) behavior; attitudes
C) consistency; change
D) change; consistency

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Gendered behaviors,such as wearing dresses and high heels,are examples of learned behaviors that are not natural or universal,and are known as:


A) subcultures.
B) cultural scripts.
C) material culture.
D) counterculture.

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Culture tends to be:


A) stable.
B) relative.
C) concrete.
D) natural.

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Which of the following has been found to be disproportionately more common in lower-income schools and advertises in U.S.high schools in exchange for providing televisions,video equipment,and satellite dishes?


A) MTV
B) ESPN
C) Channel One
D) Food Network

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One of the two main categories of culture that includes values,beliefs,norms,and behaviors is known as:


A) subculture.
B) counterculture.
C) nonmaterial culture.
D) material culture.

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