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Short-term memory capacity can be increased through:


A) iconic memory.
B) chunking.
C) echoic memory.
D) shallow processing.

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Explicit memories are:


A) classically conditioned associations that are automatically processed.
B) memories of physical skills such as how to ride a bike.
C) memories of facts and personal events that can be consciously retrieved.
D) memories that are formed by massed practice rather than by distributed practice.

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Mrs.Ramos claims to remember being sexually abused by her father when she was less than a year old.Her memory is NOT likely to be reliable because of:


A) implicit memory.
B) proactive interference.
C) infantile amnesia.
D) positive transfer.

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Compulsive gamblers frequently recall losing less money than is actually the case.Their memory failure best illustrates


A) source amnesia.
B) the misinformation effect.
C) motivated forgetting.
D) anterograde amnesia.

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Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as:


A) 12 seconds.
B) 1 minute.
C) 12 minutes.
D) 1 hour.

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The organization of individual items into larger familiar units is called:


A) the self-reference effect.
B) chunking.
C) massed practice.
D) the peg-word system.

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An inability to access information in long-term memory is known as


A) the misinformation effect.
B) anterograde amnesia.
C) déjà vu.
D) retrieval failure.

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Conscious memories of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the:


A) basal ganglia.
B) amygdala.
C) cerebellum.
D) hypothalamus.

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Memories are primed by


A) memory consolidation.
B) retrieval cues.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) infantile amnesia.

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Among contemporary memory researchers,increasing numbers think that ________ rarely,if ever,occurs.


A) retrograde amnesia
B) automatic processing
C) source amnesia
D) repression

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The neural storage of a long-term memory is called:


A) context-dependent memory.
B) memory consolidation.
C) the serial position effect.
D) priming.

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The network that processes and stores explicit memories includes the:


A) hippocampus and basal ganglia.
B) cerebellum and frontal lobes.
C) frontal lobes and hippocampus.
D) basal ganglia and cerebellum.

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The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates:


A) procedural memory.
B) the peg-word system.
C) the testing effect.
D) deep processing.

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To help think about the processes involved in memory,some memory researchers have developed


A) acronyms.
B) information-processing models.
C) the peg-word system.
D) massed practice.

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Our two-track mind is most clearly illustrated by the difference between


A) massed practice and distributed practice.
B) encoding and retrieval.
C) implicit memory and explicit memory.
D) short-term memory and long-term memory.

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Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's phone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number.Arnold's difficulty best illustrates


A) retroactive interference.
B) retrograde amnesia.
C) source amnesia.
D) proactive interference.

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Which of the following types of memory is of shortest duration?


A) short-term memory
B) explicit memory
C) implicit memory
D) sensory memory

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Which of the following has been suggested as an explanation for infantile amnesia?


A) The hippocampus is one of the last brain structures to mature.
B) The emotional reactivity of infants inhibits the process of encoding.
C) The accumulation of life experiences disrupts the retrieval of early life events.
D) Implicit memories last for less than a second in infants.

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Judy is embarrassed because she momentarily fails to remember a good friend's name.Judy's poor memory most likely results from a failure in


A) storage.
B) encoding.
C) rehearsal.
D) retrieval.

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Researchers now recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory and refer to it as ________ memory.


A) sensory
B) working
C) procedural
D) implicit

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