Question 1

Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   renal tubule
B)   renal corpuscle
C)   renal capsule
D)   renal column
E)   renal calyx

Question 2

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Micturition is another term for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the production of nitrogenous wastes
B)   glomerular filtration
C)   the countercurrent multiplier process
D)   inflammation of the urinary bladder
E)   the elimination of urine

Question 4

Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)   The kidneys are retroperitoneal.
B)   The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
C)   The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females.
D)   The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity.
E)   The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney.

Question 5

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following induces renin secretion,constricts afferent arterioles,and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aldosterone
B)   Antidiuretic hormone
C)   Parathyroid hormone
D)   Norepinephrine
E)   Angiotensin II

Question 8

A patient enters a hospital after a motorcycle accident.He complains of mid-back pain.X-rays reveal both rib and pelvic fractures.His emergency room examination includes urinalysis.Which of the following findings from the urinalysis would most likely suggest trauma to the kidneys from the accident,but not to the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pyuria
B)   Hematuria
C)   Albuminuria
D)   Uremia
E)   Phenylketonuria

Question 9

Natriuretic peptide inhibits __________ reabsorption by the collecting duct,which _________ urine output.

Accepted Answer

A)   K+;increases
B)   NaCl;decreases
C)   NaCl;increases
D)   K+;decreases
E)   Ca2+;increases

Question 10

In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop,K+ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the _________.K+ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   Na+-K+ pump
B)   countercurrent multiplier
C)   countercurrent exchange
D)   vasa recta
E)   juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 11

A renal pyramid voids urine into the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   minor calyx
B)   major calyx
C)   renal medulla
D)   renal papilla
E)   ureter

Question 12

The __________ is not an organ of the urinary system.

Accepted Answer

A)   urethra
B)   liver
C)   ureter
D)   urinary bladder
E)   kidney

Question 13

A byproduct of protein catabolism,__________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

Accepted Answer

A)   urea
B)   creatinine
C)   uric acid
D)   azotemia
E)   ammonia

Question 14

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL.Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   40%
B)   56%
C)   64%
D)   72%
E)   80%

Question 15

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus
B)   Proximal convoluted tubule
C)   Distal convoluted tubule
D)   Collecting duct
E)   Nephron loop

Question 16

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures __________ and is based on fluid flowing in the __________ direction in two adjacent tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium;same
B)   calcium;opposite
C)   calcium;same
D)   sodium;opposite
E)   sodium;same

Question 17

Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a decrease in aldosterone production
B)   secretion of parathyroid hormone
C)   secretion of renin
D)   an increase in blood urea nitrogen
E)   vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles

Question 18

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria,clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   diabetes insipidus
B)   acute glomerulonephritis
C)   diabetes mellitus
D)   renal calculus
E)   pyelitis

Question 19

Ethyl (drinking)alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH,thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Macula densa cells
B)   Mesangial cells
C)   Nephrocytes
D)   Podocytes
E)   Monocytes

Exam 23: The Urinary System

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures and is based on fluid flowing in the direction in two adjacent tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.

Correct Answer
verified

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL.Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?

Correct Answer
verified

A byproduct of protein catabolism,__________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following induces renin secretion,constricts afferent arterioles,and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Correct Answer
verified

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria,clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate.

Correct Answer
verified

The __________ is not an organ of the urinary system.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Correct Answer
verified

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Correct Answer
verified

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles.

Correct Answer
verified

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Micturition is another term for __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Ethyl (drinking)alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH,thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Correct Answer
verified

In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop,K⁺ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the _________.K⁺ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.

Correct Answer
verified

A renal pyramid voids urine into the __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Natriuretic peptide inhibits __ reabsorption by the collecting duct,which _ urine output.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 23: The Urinary System

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures __________ and is based on fluid flowing in the __________ direction in two adjacent tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypocalcemia stimulates __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hospital patient produces 4 mL/min of urine with a urea concentration of 8 mg/mL.Venous blood draw reveals urea concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.What is the percentage of cleared urea from glomerular filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true about the anatomy of the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A byproduct of protein catabolism,__________ constitutes approximately one-half of all nitrogenous waste.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following induces renin secretion,constricts afferent arterioles,and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prior to chemical tests for glycosuria,clinicians checked for sweetness of the urine as a sign of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blood plasma is filtered in the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fenestrated endothelium of the capillary has pores small enough to exclude blood cells from the filtrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ is not an organ of the urinary system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following form the inner layer of the glomerular capsule and wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular capillaries suffer little damage from hypertension because of the protective influence of the afferent arterioles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells in the cleft between the afferent and efferent arterioles and among capillaries of the glomerulus are known as mesangial cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Micturition is another term for __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethyl (drinking)alcohol stimulates the secretion of ADH,thereby reducing reabsorption by the collecting duct.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop,K+ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the _________.K+ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A renal pyramid voids urine into the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natriuretic peptide inhibits __________ reabsorption by the collecting duct,which _________ urine output.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The countercurrent multiplier recaptures and is based on fluid flowing in the direction in two adjacent tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In the thick segment of the ascending limb of the nephron loop,K⁺ reenters the cell from the interstitial fluid via the _________.K⁺ is then secreted into the tubular fluid.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Natriuretic peptide inhibits __ reabsorption by the collecting duct,which _ urine output.

Correct Answer
verified