Question 1

In the nephron,the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   glomerular filtrate
C)   tubular fluid
D)   renal filtrate
E)   medullary filtrate

Question 2

Which of the following is not composed of cuboidal epithelium?

Accepted Answer

A)   The thin segment of the nephron loop
B)   The thick segment of the nephron loop
C)   The collecting duct
D)   The proximal convoluted tubule
E)   The distal convoluted tubule

Question 3

The pigment responsible for the color of urine is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   monochrome
B)   urochrome
C)   cyanochrome
D)   multichrome
E)   pyuria

Question 4

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A)   detrusor
B)   distractor
C)   pubococcygeus
D)   corpus spongiosum
E)   corpus cavernosum

Question 6

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   medulla
C)   cortical radiate veins
D)   peritubular capillaries
E)   vasa recta A

Question 7

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is absorbed by the nephron loop.
B)   It is secreted by the glomerulus.
C)   It is absorbed by the renal tubules.
D)   It is secreted by the renal tubules.
E)   It is produced in the pulmonary tissue.

Question 8

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
B)   A drop in oncotic pressure
C)   Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole
D)   Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
E)   An increase in osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule

Question 9

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

To meet the definition of polyuria,the minimum daily output of urine is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   0.5 L
B)   1.0 L
C)   1.5 L
D)   2.0 L
E)   3.0 L D

Question 11

Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   creatinine
B)   urobilin
C)   glucose
D)   ammonia
E)   magnesium

Question 12

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)   1.2 million
B)   2.4 million
C)   3.6 million
D)   4.8 million
E)   5.6 million

Question 13

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   perirenal fat capsule
B)   renal fascia
C)   hilum
D)   fibrous capsule
E)   renal medulla

Question 14

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 15

Assuming all other values are normal,calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Accepted Answer

A)   10 mm Hg out
B)   20 mm Hg out
C)   30 mm Hg out
D)   40 mm Hg out
E)   50 mm Hg out

Question 16

In life threatening starvation,the kidneys synthesize glucose by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   secreting erythropoietin
B)   secreting renin
C)   deaminating amino acids
D)   contributing to calcium homeostasis
E)   producing uric acid

Question 17

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   feedback loop between the kidney and posterior pituitary gland
B)   countercurrent multiplier system
C)   countercurrent exchanger system
D)   aquaporins of the collecting duct
E)   thirst mechanism and water intake

Question 19

Stimulation of sympathetic fibers of the renal plexus increases renal blood flow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   two calyces and a renal pelvis
B)   one pyramid and the overlying cortex
C)   one major calyx and all of its minor calyces
D)   a renal medulla and two renal columns
E)   one collecting duct and all nephrons that drain into it

Exam 23: The Urinary System

In the nephron,the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not composed of cuboidal epithelium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The pigment responsible for the color of urine is called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is found only in the kidneys and converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ muscle is located in the urinary bladder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transition from an afferent arteriole to an efferent arteriole occurs in the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Creatinine has a renal clearance of 140 mL/min.Why is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would reduce the glomerular filtration rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diseases that affect the descending corticospinal tracts may limit inhibition of the sacral somatic motor neurons and thus could result in urinary incontinence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To meet the definition of polyuria,the minimum daily output of urine is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Normal urine from a healthy person should not contain __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average person has approximately __________ nephrons per kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The innermost connective tissue layer protecting the kidney and assisting in staving off infection is known as the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The countercurrent multiplier mechanism for water conservation was discovered by limiting studies to humans and thus hypothesizing how form determines function.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Assuming all other values are normal,calculate the net filtration pressure in a patient with a drop in capsular hydrostatic pressure to 8 mmHg.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In life threatening starvation,the kidneys synthesize glucose by __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most toxic of our metabolic wastes are nitrogenous wastes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stimulation of sympathetic fibers of the renal plexus increases renal blood flow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A single lobe of a kidney is comprised of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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