Question 1

The pragmatic principle of word learning proposes that when trying to make sense of new words they hear, children operate on the assumption that:

Accepted Answer

A)   speakers are trying to communicate a new or different meaning when they use new or different words.
B)   linguistic meaning is consistent.
C)   every word has a different meaning.
D)   the speaker will tell them what the word means.

Question 2

Researchers disagree on the significance of the occurrence of word spurts, saying that they:

Accepted Answer

A)   may be caused by advances in cognitive development.
B)   are erratic and not clearly meaningful to language development milestones.
C)   relate more to the child's understanding of objects than of object categories.
D)   represent a critical stage of language and cognitive development. A

Question 3

Elements of the environment that increase vocabulary development include:

Accepted Answer

A)   status as last-born.
B)   amount of speech mother addresses to the child.
C)   greater amount of one to one interactions with peers.
D)   bilingualism.

Question 4

The concept of fast mapping concerns:

Accepted Answer

A)   how a child organizes thoughts and language, a process called semantic organization.
B)   how a child organizes lexical items.
C)   the process in which children apply language input to their growing lexical knowledge.
D)   All of these answers are true.

Question 5

It has been hypothesized that nominals are more prevalent in children's early vocabulary because they:

Accepted Answer

A)   encode concrete perceptual entities that children can directly experience.
B)   are easier to say.
C)   tend to be shorter words.
D)   are more interesting to children.

Question 6

Children typically say their first words around:

Accepted Answer

A)   8-10 months
B)   10-15 months
C)   18 months
D)   24 months

Question 7

Research on individual differences in the rate of lexical development is important because it:

Accepted Answer

A)   can be applied to designing school materials for reading instruction
B)   supports understanding of the basic process that underlies vocabulary development in all children
C)   All of these answers are true.
D)   None of these answers are true.

Question 8

Research on phonological memory and world learning skills indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   phonological memory is not related to acquiring a mental lexicon.
B)   phonological memory is related to acquiring a growing mental lexicon. Children use phonological distinctions to categorize new words.
C)   children do not use phonological distinctions to categorize new words.
D)   None of these answers are true. B

Question 9

Fast-mapping refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)   applying knowledge of a referent to a word extension.
B)   correctly inferring a referent, but needing to apply it to a number of extensions.
C)   overextension.
D)   underextension.

Question 10

Research regarding solutions to the mapping problem suggests the word learning process relates to:

Accepted Answer

A)   language-specific innate knowledge and sociopragmatic cues.
B)   syntactic cues and social cognitive skills.
C)   Syntactic bootstrapping.
D)   All of these answers are true.

Question 11

Words that refer to things are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   prelexical words
B)   nominal
C)   proto words
D)   descriptors

Question 12

One of the first words of a young child was "go." For almost a month, the child said this word only when her mother was buckling her in her car seat. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   a mental lexicon
B)   a proto word
C)   context-bound word use
D)   a hyper word

Question 13

Words can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   symbols of thoughts, feelings and concepts that have typical meanings.
B)   arbitrary symbols that stands for something.
C)   symbols that are both arbitrary and references to things.
D)   references to thoughts feeling and concepts.

Question 14

Children learn nominals first. This is:

Accepted Answer

A)   universal across all languages.
B)   a factor of cultural bias.
C)   not universal across all languages.
D)   evidence of cognitive development.

Question 15

Research indicates factors that influence individual differences in lexical development include:

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of times the caregiver exposes the child to labels, provides context and the child's developmental level.
B)   how the caregiver provides context to the child, the child's use of analytical skills, and the child's ability to take risks.
C)   the social and developmental levels of the child.
D)   the caregiver's skills in providing context to learn new words and the child's developmental level. B

Question 16

When children develop a taxonomy of word meanings, they:

Accepted Answer

A)   generally categorize words according to phonology.
B)   generally assume that words relate to thematically related sets of things.
C)   relate word meaning to functions thematically, according to age and developmental level.
D)   categorize words according to similar themes across ages and cultures.

Question 17

The relational relativity hypothesis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   children learning verbs before nouns.
B)   children learning nouns before verbs.
C)   how children learn meanings for nouns.
D)   how children learn meanings for verbs.

Question 18

The natural partitions hypothesis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   children learning nouns before verbs.
B)   children learning verbs before nouns.
C)   how children learn meanings for nouns.
D)   how children learn meanings for verbs.

Question 19

The vocabulary spurt that occurs around 18 months has been noted to include the acquisition of:

Accepted Answer

A)   all kinds of words equally.
B)   primarily object labels.
C)   primarily labels for actions.
D)   primarily words for descriptions.

Question 20

Speech segmentation has been studied in relation to:

Accepted Answer

A)   how caregivers use child-directed speech.
B)   the child's articulation abilities.
C)   phonological memory.
D)   adult-directed speech.

Exam 5: Lexical Development: Learning Words

The pragmatic principle of word learning proposes that when trying to make sense of new words they hear, children operate on the assumption that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers disagree on the significance of the occurrence of word spurts, saying that they:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Elements of the environment that increase vocabulary development include:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of fast mapping concerns:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been hypothesized that nominals are more prevalent in children's early vocabulary because they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children typically say their first words around:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on individual differences in the rate of lexical development is important because it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on phonological memory and world learning skills indicates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Fast-mapping refers to the process of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research regarding solutions to the mapping problem suggests the word learning process relates to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Words that refer to things are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the first words of a young child was "go." For almost a month, the child said this word only when her mother was buckling her in her car seat. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Words can be defined as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children learn nominals first. This is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates factors that influence individual differences in lexical development include:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

When children develop a taxonomy of word meanings, they:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relational relativity hypothesis refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The natural partitions hypothesis refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vocabulary spurt that occurs around 18 months has been noted to include the acquisition of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Speech segmentation has been studied in relation to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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