Exam 3: Federalism

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The scope of the national government in relation to state governments has expanded significantly over the course of the twentieth century. This expansion can be attributed to a number of factors, including shifts in public opinion, changes in the interpretation of the Constitution, and the increasing complexity of national and international issues. One of the most significant changes has been the growth of federal programs and regulations that have encroached on areas that were traditionally the domain of state governments. For example, the New Deal programs of the 1930s expanded the federal government's role in economic regulation and social welfare, and subsequent legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Clean Air Act of 1970 further increased federal authority in areas such as civil rights and environmental protection. In addition to the growth of federal programs, the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause and the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution has also played a role in expanding the scope of the national government. These clauses have been used to justify federal intervention in a wide range of areas, from labor relations to health care to education. As a result of these changes, the national government now plays a much larger role in many policy areas that were once the exclusive domain of the states. This has led to increased tension between the national government and state governments, as well as debates over the proper balance of power between the two levels of government. Overall, the scope of the national government has expanded significantly in relation to state governments over the course of the twentieth century, leading to a more centralized system of governance in many policy areas.

A) project grants.
B) discretionary grants.
C) formula grants.
D) categorical grants.
E) block grants.

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A) establishes the Constitution,laws of the national government,and treaties as the supreme law of the land.
B) establishes the Supreme Court as the final arbiter in all civil and criminal disputes.
C) declares that the national government is superior to the states in every concern.
D) states that powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,nor prohibited by the states,are reserved to the states.
E) states that the people are the supreme authority in the United States and that the government shall be subservient to them.

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A) policy constructed under conditions of cooperative federalism.
B) dual federalism in action.
C) policy devolution.
D) a categorical grant
E) a block grant.

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A) the diversity of interests within and among the states requires a national focus.
B) states are constitutionally prohibited from maintaining independent defense forces and policies.
C) the states have failed to adequately represent their interests.
D) the Constitution requires that most programs be administered by the national government.
E) most problems and policies require the authority and resources of the national government.

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False

A) McCulloch v. Maryland.
B) U.S. v Lopez.
C) Gibbons v. Odgen.
D) Mack v. United States.
E) Printz v. United States.

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A) transferring responsibility for policies from the state governments to the national government.
B) transferring responsibility for policies from the national government to state governments.
C) returning to the politics of nineteenth-century federalism.
D) unwinding federalism and moving toward a unitary system.
E) a movement among liberal activist judges to expand Congress' interstate commerce power.

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A) in cases of conflict between national and state law,the national law was supreme as long as national law was in accordance with the Constitution.
B) the national government has implied powers that go beyond those explicitly enumerated in Article I,Section 8.
C) Congress' enumerated power to coin money,regulate its value,and impose taxes implied the right of Congress to do whatever was necessary and proper for carrying out these powers,including the power to create a bank.
D) Maryland could not tax the national bank.
E) All of the above were argued by Marshall.

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Enumerated powers refer to the specific ...

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A) power is centralized in state and local government.
B) both national and state levels of government have some authority over the same land and people.
C) there is one federal government,and all regional governments are administrative subunits of it.
D) power is centralized in the national government.
E) there are three branches of government and a system of checks and balances.

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A) enumerated powers.
B) delegated powers.
C) implied powers.
D) reserved powers.
E) shared powers.

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A

A) By decentralizing the political system,federalism creates more opportunities for political participation.
B) By centralizing the political system,federalism protects the political system from the whims of the masses.
C) By decreasing the number of units of government,federalism reduces citizen access to government and public policy.
D) By ensuring that all states provide the same levels of services to their citizens,federalism ensures equality in a democracy.
E) None of these is a way that federalism contributes to democracy.

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A) states' rights
B) implied powers
C) delegated powers
D) necessary and proper
E) Prohibition

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