Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivistic cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person's identity is closely tied to the identity of a larger group, such as a family or work group.
B)  The needs and goals of the group are valued over the needs and goals of an individual.
C)  They are more commonly found in Asia and South America than in North America and Europe.
D)  The importance of self-reliance and individual achievement are emphasized.

Question 2

In collectivistic cultures, a person's sense of identity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  primarily determined by his or her outstanding accomplishments.
B)  strongly influenced by the person's interdependent relationships with others, such as the person's family.
C)  largely a matter of individual preferences and attitudes.
D)  best characterized as independent, autonomous, and distinctive.

Question 3

In a double-blind study:

Accepted Answer

A)  only the researcher knows which participants have been exposed to the independent variable.
B)  both the researcher and the participants know whether the participants have been exposed to the independent variable.
C)  the subject is blindfolded during treatment.
D)  both the participants and the researcher who interacts with them are unaware of the treatment or condition to which the participants have been assigned.

Question 4

Research on social loafing demonstrated that European participants worked harder on a task when working alone, whereas Chinese participants worked harder on a task when they were part of a group. These results illustrate the importance of the _____ perspective in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-cultural
B)  cognitive
C)  biological
D)  humanistic

Question 5

Who was the first person to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  B. F. Skinner
B)  John B. Watson
C)  Francis C. Sumner
D)  G. Stanley Hall

Question 6

Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients' psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients' early life experiences. Dr. Ramen endorses the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral
B)  biological
C)  psychodynamic
D)  humanistic

Question 7

In contrast to experimental research the basic goal of the descriptive research is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
B)  manipulate variables in a meaningful way.
C)  deduce valid operational definitions and generate new experiments.
D)  observe and describe behavior.

Question 8

Once a person has agreed to participate in a research study as a subject:

Accepted Answer

A)  the person is obligated to stay in the study until its conclusion.
B)  the person gives up his or her right to confidentiality of information.
C)  deception may be used since the person has agreed to the research participation.
D)  the person is still free to withdraw from the research at any time.

Question 9

Meta-analysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a statistical technique that combines and analyzes the findings of many different studies on a particular topic in order to determine overall trends.
B)  the final step in the scientific method.
C)  a type of computer program used to collect and analyze the results of case study research.
D)  a pseudoscience.

Question 10

Which of the following events do most historians consider as the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle's landmark essay in 335 B.C. entitled On the Soul
B)  the 1924 publication of John Watson's book entitled Behaviorism
C)  the establishment of the first psychology research laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879
D)  Sigmund Freud's discovery of the unconscious mind in the early twentieth century

Question 11

Sigmund Freud:

Accepted Answer

A)  believed that experiences in early childhood were critical in the formation of adult personality.
B)  promoted functionalism during his lecture series at Clark University in 1909.
C)  stated that psychology should be the study of overt measurable behavior, especially as it pertains to learning.
D)  founded humanistic psychology.

Question 12

Jackson is interested in how stress affects the brain and examines PET scans of individuals before and after stressful situations. Dr. Jackson's approach is part of the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral
B)  cross-cultural
C)  biological
D)  psychodynamic

Question 13

Which of the following psychologists founded the American Psychological Association and established the first journal devoted to psychology in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  William James
B)  G. Stanley Hall
C)  John B. Watson
D)  Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 14

Mason and Dr. Jacobson both work in Minnesota in different cities. They both treat people with severe mental disorders. Dr. Mason cannot prescribe medications for his patients, but Dr. Jacobson frequently prescribes medications. Dr. Mason is probably a(n)  _____, whereas Dr. Jacobson is probably a(n)  _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychiatrist; clinical psychologist
B)  experimental psychologist; biological psychologist
C)  clinical psychologist; psychiatrist
D)  social psychologist; health psychologist

Question 15

An experimental control in which neither the researchers nor the participants are aware of the treatment or condition to which the participants have been assigned is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the correlation technique
B)  the pseudoscientific method
C)  the double-blind technique
D)  meta-analysis

Question 16

In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:

Accepted Answer

A)  are often emphasized among psychologists working in the mental health field.
B)  are considered pseudosciences.
C)  have been combined to form a new major perspective in modern psychology called comparative psychology.
D)  focus on how people process and remember information, develop language, solve problems, and think.

Question 17

Wilhelm Wundt:

Accepted Answer

A)  was a German physiologist who established the first psychology research laboratory at the University of Leipzig.
B)  was a French philosopher who proposed the idea of interactive dualism.
C)  is credited with the discovery of unconscious mental processes.
D)  was an Austrian physician who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology.

Question 18

Psychologists who counsel students, perform assessments, who help teachers, school administrators, and parents understand how children learn and develop are known as _____ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

A)  school
B)  experimental
C)  personality
D)  cognitive

Question 19

Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations. Which of the following is one of the limitations discussed in textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experiments are often conducted in highly controlled laboratory environments and thus may have little to do with actual behavior.
B)  Experimental results cannot be used to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
C)  Experiments are excellent at describing a phenomenon but cannot be used to make predictions.
D)  For ethical reasons, only animals can be experimental participants, and conclusions may not be relevant to human behavior.

Question 20

Which of the early schools of psychology was the first to disappear?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis
B)  functionalism
C)  behaviorism
D)  structuralism

Exam 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods

In contrast to experimental research the basic goal of the descriptive research is to:

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Psychologists who counsel students, perform assessments, who help teachers, school administrators, and parents understand how children learn and develop are known as _____ psychologists.

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Experiments can provide important information, but they also have limitations. Which of the following is one of the limitations discussed in textbook?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was the first person to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ramen believes that, in order to effectively treat his clients' psychological disorders, it is essential to understand his clients' early life experiences. Dr. Ramen endorses the _____ perspective in psychological treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following psychologists founded the American Psychological Association and established the first journal devoted to psychology in the United States?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An experimental control in which neither the researchers nor the participants are aware of the treatment or condition to which the participants have been assigned is called _____.

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In collectivistic cultures, a person's sense of identity is:

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Once a person has agreed to participate in a research study as a subject:

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Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud:

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Jackson is interested in how stress affects the brain and examines PET scans of individuals before and after stressful situations. Dr. Jackson's approach is part of the _____ perspective.

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Wilhelm Wundt:

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivistic cultures?

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In contemporary psychology, the psychodynamic perspective, the behavioral perspective, and the humanistic perspective:

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In a double-blind study:

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Which of the following events do most historians consider as the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on social loafing demonstrated that European participants worked harder on a task when working alone, whereas Chinese participants worked harder on a task when they were part of a group. These results illustrate the importance of the _____ perspective in psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the early schools of psychology was the first to disappear?

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Meta-analysis is:

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