Exam 32: Biofuels Gas From Grass

A) All types have a higher energy content than fossil fuels,so less needs to be burned to produce the same amount of energy.
B) Burning biomass directly produces minimal particulate matter pollution.
C) If grown with minimal or no fossil fuel inputs,it is carbon neutral or negative.
D) The most commonly grown biofuel crops consume far less water per kilowatt-hour than what is used for traditional fossil fuels.

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A) algae
B) switchgrass
C) soybeans
D) rapeseed
E) oil palms

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Refer to Infographic...

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A) used fryer oil from restaurants
B) manure
C) crop residues
D) animal fats
E) All of these answers are correct.

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E

A) high-sugar crops like corn are used to make the fuel
B) fields planted in a monoculture yield more production for a fuel source
C) using plants such as grasses,which are more difficult to break down,for the fuel
D) the plants used for fuel are not useful as crops

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A) it can easily be harvested on a large scale
B) algae is small,so it won't take up much space
C) cultivation won't compete with food crops
D) it can be made cheaply

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A) cellulosic ethanol
B) starch ethanol
C) plant ethanol
D) cellulose sequestering
E) cellulosic sequestering

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Some of the crops,specifically corn,are ...

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A) corn.
B) algae.
C) sugarcane.
D) switchgrass.
E) None of these answers-ethanol can be produced from the biological fermentation of any plant material.

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A) It is the only biofuel to be certified by the EPA.
B) It comprises only a small portion of the biofuels produced today.
C) It can be produced from soybeans as well as from animal fats.
D) It can be used in both diesel and gasoline engines.

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A) meeting fresh water requirements
B) competing with food crops
C) paying the high expenses of oil production facilities
D) convincing companies to invest in turning algae oil into fuel

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A) low-input,high-density
B) low-input,high-diversity
C) lean-inflow,high-density
D) lean-inflow,high-diversity
E) late-ingrass,high-dependence

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B

A) Corn production requires energy inputs like fertilizers and pesticides.
B) Considerable water is required to produce ethanol from corn.
C) The projects used as much (or almost as much) energy as they produced.
D) All of these answers are concerns.
E) None of these answers are concerns.

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A) 0.4%
B) 7%
C) 14%
D) 40%
E) 80%

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A) corn
B) sugarcane
C) soybeans
D) switchgrass
E) beets

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A) 1
B) 7
C) 13
D) 15

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A) beef from cows
B) animal waste
C) crops
D) wood products

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Ethanol can be produced from the biological fermentation of any plant material.Food sources like grains and sugarcane with soft starch are easily broken down by yeast (fermentation),whereas plant material high in cellulose is more challenging to break down and requires stronger chemical reactions.The process begins with the harvesting of the plant material that then undergoes preparation.The preparation involves chopping and grinding the raw material into small,uniform-sized pieces.The small pieces then undergo steaming.The steaming causes the raw material to swell,increasing the surface area.The swollen pieces are then treated with enzymes.The enzymes chemically break down the cellulose into sugar subunits.Lignin is removed,and the remaining mixture is treated with yeast.The yeast digests the sugars and procures ethanol that is then concentrated.